The purpose of this study was to understand how the social and cultural practices of classroom literacy instruction afforded students opportunities to make meaning with texts. Research was conducted from a sociocultural perspective that focused on students as participants in social learning, in a context of interactive relations. This study was…

This year-long qualitative study draws from multimodal theory and New Literacies Studies to document the digital literacy experiences of a diverse group of 2nd-graders using e-readers. Twenty-first century classrooms must expand traditional notions of literacy to prepare students for the ever-changing, media-rich world. Students participated in…

Notwithstanding the wealth of research that documents the effectiveness of self-management programs in the classroom, few investigations have explored classwide use of self-management procedures as a universal intervention. To extend existing research in this area, we examined the effectiveness of a classwide self-management intervention for…

A total of 100 second graders were pretested for conservation of length and weight. Fifty pairs were then formed, each pair consisting of one conserver and one nonconserver. During the second session, the children attempted to resolve their opposed answers on the conservation tasks and on two control questions as well. On both length and weight,…

Black children of both SES levels behave like lower-SES white children showing a relatively high level of self gratification. (Authors)

In this study black children were more likely to match the responses of white models than of black ones. (Authors/MB)

This study used the Observation Schedule and Record 5V (OScAR 5V) to describe and compare the teaching behaviors of second- and fifth-grade mathematics teachers. The sample included seven second-grade and nine fifth-grade teachers from three elementary schools in a medium sized city. Pupils in the participating teachers' classes were from middle…

This study examined the effect of the gender specific aspects of a child's clothing and a child's sex on the type of interaction that occurred between the child and the teacher. A stratified random sample of second graders, including urban (n=104), suburban (n=77), and rural (n=49) districts, was used, drawing on two classes from each of six…

Investigated was an inservice training program in elementary school science (grades 1, 2, and 3) designed to increase teachers' achievement of relevant performance skills. Attainment criteria were (1) a change in the teachers' verbal classroom behavior, and (2) an increase in the teachers' scientific knowledge and understanding of science. A…

Second grade classroom protocols collected within this volume are examples of the protocols developed by the ethnographers associated with Special Study A: "An Ethnographic Study of the Forty Classrooms of the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study." Twenty teachers at both the second and fifth grades were observed for one week by an…

To examine how skilled and experienced teachers interact with pupils of varying abilities, an observational coding system was developed that focused on reading-oriented and classroom-behavior-oriented interactions. The teacher/child interactions of two experienced teachers who were acknowledged for their success in teaching reading were studied…

A study was conducted to describe the characteristics and effects of the verbal feedback offered by teachers to student miscues occurring during group oral reading instruction. Analyses were also made of the ways in which teachers varied feedback between students at different ability levels. The subjects were eight second grade teachers and their…

Qualitative methods were used to analyze the social environments--or webs of interaction--in reading groups of varying ability levels. Ethnographic observations were conducted for 15 to 30 hours in each of eight first and second grade classrooms with ability-divided reading groups. A code scheme was developed to categorize the quantity and quality…

This study measured the physical fitness, levels of creative thinking, and attitudes about physical education in second graders enrolled in physical education programs with different curricular focus: (1) aerobic fitness; (2) movement education; and (3) standard classroom teacher taught curriculum. Seventy-seven children and five teachers…

Research indicates that boys perform better on mathematics tests while girls perform better on reading tests. An investigation of why boys' and girls' performance differs was made by coding teacher interactions with second grade students during reading and mathematics instruction. Results reveal that teachers: made relatively more academic contact…