This review examines published research on small-group development done in the last ten years that would constitute an empirical test of Tuckman's hypothesis that groups go through the stages of "forming,""storming,""norming," and "performing." A fifth stage, "adjourning," was added to the…

A science education process model was proposed for ultimate use in research on science teaching. In this model, classroom interaction was presented as the middle component of a three-phase system. The on-going process of classroom interaction was viewed in terms of a communications model: interaction exchanges provided communications paths through…

The literature on sex-related differences in leadership behavior was reviewed in order to explore underlying factors. Currently there exist several models of male leadership in small groups, but no models of human leadership which represent the experiences of women in same sex and mixed sex groups. Key considerations for constructing such a model…