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Download full textClark, Richard E.; Kirschner, Paul A.; Sweller, John – American Educator, 2012
Disputes about the impact of instructional guidance during teaching have been ongoing for more than a half century. On one side of this argument are those who believe that all people--novices and experts alike--learn best when provided with instruction that contains unguided or partly guided segments. On the other side are those who believe that…
Descriptors: Constructivism (Learning), Problem Based Learning, Discovery Learning, Guidance
Clark, Richard E. – 1984
A review of computer assisted instruction research and recent meta-analytical reports suggests that all research on the learning benefits of the instructional uses of computers should be halted until there is a plausible reason to expect that computers are instrumental in learning, since all existing evidence indicates that computers do not yield…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Computers, Educational Media, Epistemology
Peer reviewedClark, Richard E. – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1985
This critical examination of the assumption that computer-based instruction enhances student learning and performance over traditional means summarizes arguments from past and present analyses of research, examines media attributes or symbol system theories, and presents evidence that much research is susceptible to rival hypotheses. (MBR)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Cognitive Development, Computer Assisted Instruction, Educational Research
Clark, Richard E. – Educational Communication and Technology, 1985
Computer-based instruction (CBI) studies analyzed by Kulik et al. were examined to explore the validity of competing claims about the computer's contribution to measured achievement gains. Results suggest achievement gains found in CBI studies are overestimated and are due to uncontrolled but robust instructional methods embedded in CBI…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Comparative Analysis, Computer Assisted Instruction, Conventional Instruction
Clark, Richard E. – 1987
In the first of four symposium papers, Clark reviews the research on learning from media and uses his argument that media comparison studies show no differences in learning attributable to any one medium over another to dispute recent research on computer-assisted instruction. He also takes the position that the media attribute argument (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Psychology, Computer Assisted Instruction, Cost Effectiveness, Educational Media
Clark, Richard E.; Leonard, Stuart – 1985
The suspected sources of confounding in current meta-analytic studies of computer based instruction (CBI) are uncontrolled effects of instructional method and/or the John Henry Effect (i.e., compensatory rivalry). To determine which confounding is most plausible, a random 30% sample of the 128 studies which formed the original Kulik meta-analyses…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Computer Assisted Instruction, Conventional Instruction, Drills (Practice)
