Research about the effectiveness of different types of feedback in programmed instruction was investigated. Knowledge of results had the least data to support its efficacy. Knowledge of correct responding (KCR) has been shown to be effective in several studies. Elaboration feedback is more effective than KCR, but may require more time of the…

Naval researchers studied the effects of delay in the presentatio of visual information on pilot performance. Simulated carrier landing tasks were performed by subjects using a visual display generated by a computer. In one part of the experiment pilots were asked to "fly" carrier approaches with and without a 0.1 second delay in the…

A study of corrective feedback testing, in which scoring is based upon the number of attempts needed to achieve the correct answer, is compared to single attempt testing. (RAO)

Delay of feedback studies with animals or with tasks which are simple for human subjects have led to the common assertion that computer-assisted-instruction (CAI) systems should incorporate immediate feedback in order to maximize learning. However, studies using more complex learning tasks have suggested that delays of up to at least a day…

This examination of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) covers early predictions concerning CAI, the variables that have been addressed by CAI research, guidance in identifying the effectiveness of CAI, and future directions for CAI in education. (MER)

Reviews what has been learned about the use of motivational and informational feedback in traditional instruction, examines how this knowledge may be useful in the design of feedback for computer-based instruction (CBI), and discusses the relationship between feedback and learning outcomes. Further research needs are suggested. (13 references)…

The effects of three types of feedback in a computer-assisted instructional lesson--knowledge of the correctness of response (KOR), knowledge of the correct answer (KCR), and explanatory feedback in combination with or without a second try on error correction--were investigated, using a 2 by 3 factorial design. The results indicated that…

Studies which have utilized low-error-rate linear type programs have not been able to compare the effectiveness of various modes of feedback in correcting error in programed learning. In the present study using 75 university students, it was possible to correct errors without teaching erroneous material by using materials designed to teach 30…

Thirty normal geriatric individuals, who had been randomly assigned to one of three feedback modes, were instructed to produce a phrase at slow, average, and fast speaking rates. Results suggest that visual-verbal and verbal-quantitative feedback lead to significantly better performance than verbal-qualitative feedback, particularly when the task…

This study examined the relationship between the timing of feedback in programmed instruction and the cognitive levels of the tasks involved. The subjects were 195 college students from the Principles of Accounting I course at the University of Texas at Austin. Three test groups--an immediate feedback treatment group, an end-of-session feedback…

This study investigated the effects of solution-oriented and strategy-oriented feedback when using interactive computer-assisted instruction. The feedback confirmed problem solving strategies that were either similar to the learner's cognitive strategies (i.e., spatial strategies) or different from the learner's cognitive strategies (i.e.,…

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an expert instructional system used to provide timely and quality feedback about the quality of a variety of visual materials production techniques to undergraduate students in a basic instructional materials production class. One group of students generated its own feedback by using the expert system, and…

The main focus of this paper is research on the content dimension of feedback, although the scheduling of feedback in an instructional program is also briefly considered. The two major categories of the content of feedback discussed are motivational, reinforcing feedback and informative, corrective feedback. It is noted that researchers in the…

The present study investigated the effects of using different forms of material with 100 eleventh grade students enrolled in a 5-week CBI (computer based instruction) summer enrichment program in Memphis, Tennessee. The basic design consisted of two conditions of instructional support (text and questions vs. questions only), two testings…

The effects of different types of feedback in computer assisted instruction (CAI) on relational concept learning by young children were compared in this study. Subjects were 89 kindergarten students whose primary language was English, and whose performance on the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts was within the average range chosen from classes in a…