This digest focuses on issues of parallel process in supervision. The concept of parallel process has its origin in the psychoanalytic concepts of transference, when the counselor recreates the presenting problem and emotions of the therapeutic relationship within the supervisory relationship, and countertransference, when the supervisor responds…

Children ought to have satisfying friendships because they otherwise may miss out on opportunities to learn important social skills, develop little faith in their abilities to achieve interpersonal goals, suffer painful feelings of isolation, and become vulnerable to influence by delinquent peers. Factors contributing to children's peer…

This digest reviews perspectives on the supervisory relationship from the recent supervision literature. It examines the relative importance of the relationship within the total supervision process; variables which influence the relationship; and how the relationship differs when working with experienced versus inexperienced counselors. The…

This digest focuses on the effects of gender on supervision and the present status regarding gender within contemporary American culture. It presents a societal framework by reviewing three basic perspectives concerning gender differences, focused in areas of unequal distribution of power, socialization, and inherent differences. Following this is…

This report summarizes research findings concerning three types of conflict common in schools: structural conflict, group conflict, and cognitive conflict. Structural conflict arises out of the organizational structure. Corwin found that as schools become more complex, authority problems and teacher administrator conflicts rise. He also found that…

Colleges and universities are expected to provide safe and appropriate learning and working environments, including freedom from sexual harassment. Unfortunately, the frequency of complaints on college and university campuses has increased. Sexual harassment is a form of sexual discrimination and is prohibited by federal laws. This behavior…

Children should be taught as early as possible how to handle disagreements with each other without letting their anger get out of control. As they get older, they should be helped to apply the conflict-solving methods they learned as children to the more complicated problems that appear in adolescence. Children's attitudes are influenced by all…

This digest explores the concept of mentoring with gifted students and offers guidelines on its implementation. The literature on mentoring is reviewed, noting the maturing effect of mentor relationships and the particular value of mentors for disadvantaged students and for females. Among six guidelines offered are: decide what (not whom) the…

On average, leaders are engaged in one form or another of communication for about 70 percent of their waking moments. This digest provides suggestions for school leaders who want to increase the effectiveness of those interactions. A first step is to recognize that listening is the skill most essential to effective communication. Other skills of…

This brief report summarizes a longer document with the same title. The report discusses the problem of sexual harassment on college campuses and what intervention strategies academic institutions can take to help eliminate the problem. It notes that sexual harassment is a form of sexual discrimination prohibited by federal law, and examines what…

This digest focuses on issues of supervisee resistance, defined as defensive behaviors of the supervisee that serve to reduce supervision-induced anxiety. It describes resistant behavior and identifies ways to counteract it, while noting that supervisee resistance is common. The purposes and goals of supervisee resistance, as manifested in verbal…

Because the intervention of a neutral third party is currently gaining favor as an alternative form of dispute resolution, this book explores the process of mediation in the context of managing struggle and examines some of the characteristics of mediators, their training and ethics, and the techniques and skills of good mediation. The theory…

Despite growth in the scope and importance of the college or university chief development officer's role, it remains relatively unexamined and the subject of differing perceptions. This report reviews the history and current status of the development function. Major authors on the subject are reviewed and placed into four "schools of…

As a follow-up to "Cybercounseling and Cyberlearning: Strategies and Resources for the Millennium," this book offers information beneficial to the counseling practice and counselor education classrooms. Part 1, "CyberLearning," contains the following chapters: (1) "Designing Web Pages Accessible to All" (J. E. Wheaton…

Theories and models of adult development over the life span provide one of the foundational pieces for gaining a clearer understandings of learning in adulthood. Only recently have adult educators spoken more forcefully about the lack of integrated research on adult women. The purpose of this monograph is to describe those missing female voices as…