Based on the assumptions that relational messages are multidimensional and that they are largely communicated by nonverbal cues, this experiment manipulated five nonverbal cues--eye contact, proximity, body lean, smiling, and touch--to determine what meanings they convey along four relational message dimensions: emotionality/arousal/composure,…

Variables associated with interpersonal distance were studied in this research project. Since close physical proximity may produce defensive behaviors that are disruptive to learning, instructors must be aware of the combinations of variables that produce the need for increased interpersonal distance in instructor-student interactions. A…