Examines the problem of metaphor translation and concludes it must be viewed as two separate problems--the problem with metaphor and the problem with translation. (EKN)

Looks at the latest scientific discoveries in polyglossia as they pertain to understanding the mechanisms which allow simultaneous interpretation to take place. Considers separately the input and output switch mechanisms. Discusses the importance of anticipatory strategies to facilitate language switching in simultaneous translation.

Literature is reviewed supporting the notion of translation as a logical operation (translatology), operating with a unit that differs from that used in linguistic theory. Based on the logeme or logical unit, the aim of systematic translatology is to clarify the translation operation, interpretation, and translation criticism. (PMJ)

Discusses a common problem encountered in text translation, i.e., words which have either a broader or narrower meaning in the target language than in the source language. Discusses the consequences of functional decisions on the translation of words and the implications of these decisions for the teaching of translation. (SED)

It is proposed that, in regard to the question of whether linguistic theory is a friend of the literary translator, the imposed opposition of theory and practice gets in the way of working from the basis of the implied discourse that supports literature's communicative function. (MSE)

The necessity for stylistic appropriateness in translation as well as correct content is discussed. To acquire this skill, translators must be trained in stylistics through close examination of their own language and must have practice in translating for different audiences at different levels. (PMJ)

An approach to translation focusing on the translator's ability to integrate his knowledge of psychology, philosophy, and sociology with linguistic skills is proposed, and its implications for the practice of translation are examined. (MSE)

Discusses some of the difficulties that arise when an Arabic-English translator is required to find cultural equivalents for words or concepts that do not exist in one of the languages. Examples are given in the areas of ecology, material culture, social culture, political culture, and religious culture. (EKN)

It is proposed that treatment of translation as a discipline can provide translators with techniques and perspectives on their work. Spanish and Dutch versions of a novel illustrate how seemingly innocent and subtle shifts in perspective can affect the most important and distinguishing qualities of a text. (MSE)

The relationship between interpretation and stylistics in translation criticism is discussed. In a four-level model for translation criticism, zero-level translations reflect no semiostylistic techniques; levels one and two demonstrate elementary and sophisticated linguistic-stylistic procedures; and the highest level translations reflect the…

The nature of simultaneous translation, often misunderstood, is a precarious balance of listening and analysis, production of discourse and memory. The work's quality would be improved by reinforcing interpretive skills, research in teaching methods, and study of precise interpretive techniques. (MSE)

The linguistic complexity of humor is illustrated with examples of word play translated from French to English and English to French. Examples from the writings of James Joyce and Marcel Proust are highlighted. (CB)

Discusses the translator's need for help from structural linguistics and the inadequacy of the response of linguistics to so-called translation problems. Two German-French syntax problems are given as examples and a solution is offered from a translator's point of view. (AMH)

Humor--and communication itself--when translating from one language to another, depends on an accumulation of shared understandings about how people say things in a given culture. Examples are given in translations of Portuguese to English and English to Portuguese. (CB)