Argues that in translating fiction it is necessary to take into account the interdependence of intratextual components. Considers this particularly important in the case of metaphors that function as a characterization tool. (NKA)

Deals with a major difference between European languages and Chinese, namely the sparse use of anaphoric reference in Chinese. Suggests that the translator's way of rendering references will affect the interpretational potential of the text in the target language. (NKA)

Considers the problems related to the translation of names, nicknames, and titles. Discusses the general challenges requiring extensive cultural background, along with special challenges revealing an author's subjective intentions in the form of humor, invention, allusion, or distortion. Provides a method for dealing with such translational…

Discusses the effects of translating televised foreign language materials, including changes in mode and timing. Outlines the necessary skills by which successful subtitlers overcome these complexities. Suggests nine basic fields to consider when creating and evaluating interlingual subtitles. (HB)

Focuses on pronouns of address, especially the second person singular, in which many European languages make distinctions according to the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the person addressed. Discusses the problems these distinctions present (especially in literary works) to translators who work in languages where such nuances are…

Argues that nonliterary texts are often so muddled and inaccurate in their formulation that they call for exegesis and in-depth rewriting. Concludes that nonfiction translators become creative in their own right but in a different sense than the one usually connected with these terms in the context of literary translation. (NKA)

Suggests the use of the term "atmosphere" (from New Criticism), which covers the short story's dominant emotional mood, as a help for translators of short stories. Argues that the proper comprehension of this key concept will make it easier for translators to select combinations and substitutions which faithfully reflect the original…

Suggests that trainee translators can be helped to move between the basic and advanced stages of training through practice in collocational translational stylistics. Describes the method and outlines its differences from monolingual stylistics. Illustrates the method with an example. (HB)

Discusses the importance of qualified terminology and its implications for terminological activity. Argues that students have to learn how to organize their terminological activity. Suggests that translation is a special kind of intercultural communication and is an indispensable part of translational action. Argues that terminology be examined…

Lists and discusses the most prominent forms of interlingual transfer and the subtle relationships that exist between the various types. Argues that proximity and situationality are important factors which may come to play a more prominent role in future work in translatology. (HB)

Discusses how the use of body language in Chinese fiction strikes most Westerners as unusual, if not strange. Considers that, although this may be the result of differences in gestures or different conventions in fiction, it is a problem for translators, who handle the differences by various strategies, e.g., omission or expansion. (NKA)

Notes that the practice of borrowing kinship terms to address people outside the extended Chinese families, heavily reflected in modern Chinese fiction, causes much difficulty for the English translator. Reviews common translation approaches to such culture-related problems and possible distortions resulting from such practices. (NKA)

Discusses recent trends in translatology, including the nature of the target text as either passive reflection of the source text or original production. Argues that positions supporting either extreme are untenable. Posits a position relying on both models of translation simultaneously. (HB)

Advocates a greater awareness of the factors involved with dubbing television comedies. Considers the translation of jokes and provides an outline of the various kinds of jokes in television shows. Calls for more research on comedy dubbing and television translation in general. (HB)

Presents data concerning the first stages of an ongoing empirical investigation into simultaneous interpreting skills and the best methods and strategies for teaching it. Discusses underlying premises, hypotheses, and objectives of the study as it is now planned. (HB)