Although the history of translation is almost as old as the history of humankind, it was not until the second half of the twentieth century that translation studies were recognized as an independent discipline. Perhaps due to this fact, translation and interpreting programs at the higher education level started to be introduced in Turkey in the…

The present study identifies and maps the reflexive praxis of two experienced English as a foreign language (EFL) instructors as they reconstruct and negotiate textbook material in situ. An abundance of critical studies underscoring social injustices in the contents of globally published EFL textbooks do not sufficiently address the negotiation of…

Re-inventing continuing higher education is about finding ways to be a more central player in a region's civic, cultural, and economic life as well as in the education of individuals for work and citizenship. Continuing higher education will require data gathering, analytical tools, convening authority, interpretive skills, new models of delivery,…

Discusses the approaches college students often take in writing literary interpretation essays for introductory courses in literature, and suggests more profitable approaches students might take. (DD)

Considers the problems related to the translation of names, nicknames, and titles. Discusses the general challenges requiring extensive cultural background, along with special challenges revealing an author's subjective intentions in the form of humor, invention, allusion, or distortion. Provides a method for dealing with such translational…

Discusses the effects of translating televised foreign language materials, including changes in mode and timing. Outlines the necessary skills by which successful subtitlers overcome these complexities. Suggests nine basic fields to consider when creating and evaluating interlingual subtitles. (HB)

Five I's" listed as principal components of the teaching process-information, interpretation, implementation, interest, and inspiration. (IR)

Suggests that in studying English grammatical structure, English/French translation students establish a broader understanding of the language, which in turn enables them to better tackle the gymnastics of translation. Considers the value of studying the gender categorization of inanimate objects. (SG)

Discusses interpretive planning and provides information on how to maximize a sense of ownership shared by managers, staff, and other organizational shareholders. Presents practical and effective plans for providing interpretive services. (CCM)

Suggests that trainee translators can be helped to move between the basic and advanced stages of training through practice in collocational translational stylistics. Describes the method and outlines its differences from monolingual stylistics. Illustrates the method with an example. (HB)

Discusses the importance of qualified terminology and its implications for terminological activity. Argues that students have to learn how to organize their terminological activity. Suggests that translation is a special kind of intercultural communication and is an indispensable part of translational action. Argues that terminology be examined…

Lists and discusses the most prominent forms of interlingual transfer and the subtle relationships that exist between the various types. Argues that proximity and situationality are important factors which may come to play a more prominent role in future work in translatology. (HB)

Internal narration is a "direct quotation of the mind" without authorial intervention, in which the reader overhears characters thinking silently. Dramatic interpretation and internal narration share the characteristics of primarily auditory expression and symbolic use of images. One of the most widely read and taught examples of this…

Discusses recent trends in translatology, including the nature of the target text as either passive reflection of the source text or original production. Argues that positions supporting either extreme are untenable. Posits a position relying on both models of translation simultaneously. (HB)

Asserts that it is as historical creatures that humans have the power of choice; language--the means of naming and renaming, or representing and articulating the options--provides the saving image of transformation. Argues that consciousness of the power of language liberates the imagination, the active mind with its power of memory and…