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Senior, Alistair M.; Viechtbauer, Wolfgang; Nakagawa, Shinichi – Research Synthesis Methods, 2020
Meta-analyses are often used to estimate the relative average values of a quantitative outcome in two groups (eg, control and experimental groups). However, they may also examine the relative variability (variance) of those groups. For such comparisons, two relatively new effect size statistics, the log-transformed "variability ratio"…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Effect Size, Research Design, Simulation
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Franco, Juan Víctor Ariel; Garrote, Virginia Laura; Escobar Liquitay, Camila Micaela; Vietto, Valeria – Research Synthesis Methods, 2018
Objective: Search strategies are essential for the adequate retrieval of studies in a systematic review (SR). Our objective was to identify problems in the design and reporting of search strategies in a sample of new Cochrane SRs first published in The Cochrane Library in 2015. Study design and setting: We took a random sample of 70 new Cochrane…
Descriptors: Search Strategies, Literature Reviews, Online Searching, Intervention
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Paulus, Jessica K.; Dahabreh, Issa J.; Balk, Ethan M.; Avendano, Esther E.; Lau, Joseph; Ip, Stanley – Research Synthesis Methods, 2014
When examining the evidence on therapeutic interventions to answer a comparative effectiveness research question, one should consider all studies that are informative on the interventions' causal effects. "Single group studies" evaluate outcomes longitudinally in cohorts of subjects who are managed with a single treatment strategy.…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Comparative Analysis, Intervention, Experimental Groups
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Higgins, Julian P. T.; Ramsay, Craig; Reeves, Barnaby C.; Deeks, Jonathan J.; Shea, Beverley; Valentine, Jeffrey C.; Tugwell, Peter; Wells, George – Research Synthesis Methods, 2013
Non-randomized studies may provide valuable evidence on the effects of interventions. They are the main source of evidence on the intended effects of some types of interventions and often provide the only evidence about the effects of interventions on long-term outcomes, rare events or adverse effects. Therefore, systematic reviews on the effects…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Intervention, Program Effectiveness, Program Evaluation
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Valentine, Jeffrey C.; Thompson, Simon G. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2013
Background: Confounding caused by selection bias is often a key difference between non-randomized studies (NRS) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions. Key methodological issues: In this third paper of the series, we consider issues relating to the inclusion of NRS in systematic reviews on the effects of interventions. We discuss…
Descriptors: Research Design, Randomized Controlled Trials, Intervention, Bias