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Peer reviewedIsley, Ellen M.; And Others – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1991
This article summarizes and critically analyzes the literature on self-restraint (in which a mentally retarded individual restricts or prevents motion of a body part), particularly its identification, etiology, modification, and relationship to self-injurious behavior. The paper examines the hypotheses of negative reinforcement and stimulus…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Disorders, Etiology, Intervention
Peer reviewedCipani, Ennio; Spooner, Fred – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1997
Identifies four treatment techniques that may be applied when problem behavior is maintained by negative reinforcement: (1) functional communication training; (2) behavioral momentum; (3) differential reinforcement or an alternative escape behavior; and (4) errorless learning. Each of the techniques is defined, and applications and guidelines for…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Children
