Among 262 Chinese children, syllable awareness and rapid automatized naming (RAN) at age 5 years and invented spelling of Pinyin at age 6 years independently predicted subsequent Chinese character recognition and English word reading at ages 8 years and 10 years, even with initial Chinese character reading ability statistically controlled. In…

Tested 93 children on reading-related skills four times over 1.5 years. Found that the invented spelling measure was stable, highly associated with traditional phonological awareness tasks, and substantially predictive of standardized spelling and word and nonword decoding tests over time. Orthographic and phonological processing were associated…

Ninety Chinese children were tested once at age 4 and again 22 months later on phonological-processing and other reading skills. Chinese phonological-processing skills alone modestly predicted Chinese character recognition, and English letter-name knowledge uniquely predicted reading of both Chinese and English 2 years later. Furthermore,…