Inherent Simmelian foundations anchor the theoretical base of the Triple Helix model. The Triple Helix model polishes the theoretical lens of Georg Simmel, revealing the empirical basis of intermediating ties in entrepreneurship and innovation. This Viewpoint article takes the path-breaking weak and strong ties approach of Mark Granovetter a step…

What work strategies must university professors adopt to guarantee the service of higher education and even go beyond the role universities have formally established for them? This article aims to analyze the strategy of job crafting -- specifically, how it influences the job crafting strategies of approach vs. avoidance in prosocial service…

The U.S. economy has changed dramatically in recent decades, from one that was heavily industrial to one that is mostly service and knowledge based. In the process, demand has grown for workers with higher levels of education and a different mix of skills. This period of rapid change is far from over. Population aging, the rise of new…

Over the past century, the United States workforce has undergone a massive structural shift. Technological change has moved the economy toward skilled labor and away from unskilled labor--a phenomenon known as skill-biased technical change. This structural shift has increased the relative demand for educated and skilled labor, leading to…

This appendix documents the methodology used by the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce to project educational demand within the US economy. The methodology produces forecasts using data from two private analytics companies. The authors use occupational forecasts provided by Lightcast that are calibrated to total employment…

The staggering highs and lows of the recent US economy and their effect on the labor force has been deeply unsettling. The US has come through the COVID-19 recession, the deepest economic downturn since the Great Depression, followed by the quickest recovery ever. One trend in the workforce has remained unaltered throughout this historic change:…

This report projects education requirements linked to forecasted job growth for all 50 states and the District of Columbia from 2021 through 2031. It complements a larger national report that projects education demand by occupation and industry for the same period. The national report finds that by 2031, 72 percent of all jobs nationally will…

While there has been a noted variation in the "species" of entrepreneur so that no single list of traits, characteristics or attributes is definitive, it is posited that to be an entrepreneur a certain amount of entrepreneurial capability is required. "Entrepreneurial capability" is a concept developed to place some form of…

Transcribed and edited from tape recordings and prepared papers, these proceedings present the topics covered in the four sessions of the Second Seminar on Freelance Indexing: (1) how to get started as an indexer--making contracts, setting up the office, billing and bookkeeping, reference tools, filing for trade-name, and indexing apprenticeship;…

Future training and development programs should stress need to improve and achieve conditions of productivity that can continue to have the United States compete in world markets. (DS)

Contains 18 articles published in International Labour Review from 1921-1975 that discuss the International Labour Organisation, international labor movement and law, economics and the labor market, family security, full employment, population growth, industrial welfare, trade policy and employment growth, and income expectations and rural-urban…

This document contains two essays: "Toward a High-Wage, High-Productivity Service Sector" by Lester Thurow; and "Service Sector Wages, Productivity and Job Creation in the U.S. and Other Countries" by Louise Waldstein. The first essay analyzes the recent and currrent U.S. economy under headings called Growth Nodes, Falling…

This paper asserts that the reason so many high school graduates are functionally illiterate may be that the form of economic organization in the United States does not sufficiently value or make use of intelligence. The paper reviews studies that report both the decline in general knowledge of high school graduates and the promotion of programs…

This 2-day Congressional hearing on the impact of defense spending on the economy focuses on three aspects of the relationship between expenditures for national defense and the state of the economy: jobs, inflation, and long-run growth. Testimony includes statements, prepared statements, and additional information submitted for the record by…

This paper describes work in a Tanzanian village for the purpose of gaining a clearer view of work and the societal incentives for work in the United States. It is written for those who work, those who prepare others for work, those who teach and counsel about work, and those who advocate for consideration of worker needs in the design and…