A distinction is made between scores as measures of a construct and predictions of a criterion or outcome variable. The interpretation attached to predictions of criteria, such as job performance or college grade point average (GPA), differs from that attached to scores that are measures of a construct, such as reading proficiency or knowledge…

This study fills several gaps. Most turnaround studies ignore post-turnaround executive rewards, and most studies of executive rewards ignore both the effects on rewards of achieving a turnaround and length of service, or tenure, as an element of the reward structure. Previous research about the length of college presidents' tenure in office has…