Tested effects of three sex variables on managerial career evaluations. The variables were sex of evaluator, sex of manager, and predominate sex of manager's subordinates. Subjects evaluated four managers, in an "in basket" format. Manager's sex and predominate subordinate sex frequently interacted. (Author)

Investigated the effects of occupational sex-dominance on sex differences in occupational performance expectations. College students indicated their self-expectations and comparison person expectations (those of a "typical" male or female) regarding job performance for six occupations. Women reported lower expectations for themselves except for…

Explores superiors' evaluations of leadership skills of their managers to determine if sex differences exist. Rates middle and upper level male and female managers on "Benchmarks," a multirater feedback instrument. Detects no sex differences except that females rated higher in putting people at ease. (PA)

Tested three alternative views for understanding work-related responses of employees, including person-centered (gender-related), situation-centered (job-related), and person-situation (joint gender- and job-related) for males (N=97) and females (N=102) in sales jobs. Found gender and job related differences. (Author/ABL)

A literature review notes how gender expectations lead to nonverbal communication differences in such behaviors as smiling, eye contact, kinesics, proximics, and decoding. The importance of the effective use of nonverbal communication in human resource development is emphasized. (SK)

The data collected in a 1978-79 study of 742 students enrolled in cooperative education (co-op) programs in forty-seven participating colleges and universities describes by sex what students in various fields of study do on their job, what they perceive their work conditions and responsibilities to be, how they view their abilities, and how their…

Compared the assumptions of 100 male and female employees about colleagues' views of their performance on a joint task. Results indicated women anticipated more blame for a joint failure, less credit for a joint success, and a work image of lesser effectiveness, regardless of the co-worker's sex. (JAC)

Children were asked to choose either a male or female doll in response to a question as to which would be better at an occupation. Results showed that children of all ages have clear sex-typed expectations concerning occupational competence, but that with increasing age there is an increasing adherence to these stereotypes. (AOS)

Graduate students (n=143) reviewed 1 of 4 descriptions of sexual harassment and completed manipulation check and judgment questionnaires. Judges' reactions were less favorable to the complainant when she had tolerated the harassment for a period of time and the harasser had above-average job performance. Females' reactions were more favorable…

Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicate that most young men and women are promoted in their jobs on the basis of performance. Although a gender gap in the rate of promotion does exist, the gap was smaller in 1996 than in 1990. (Author)

This report examines and compares early career decisions, initial and 1981 employment, professional activities, and post-graduate education of new, non-traditional engineering graduates (women, Hispanics, Blacks) with their traditional peers. About one-half of the 6,000 surveys mailed to a sample of these engineering graduates (N=1720 men and 1080…

The hypothesized interaction effect for sex of manager and sex of subordinate on reactions to supervision and work evaluation was supported in only one of four tests conducted in the work setting. Male subordinates working for male managers were least likely to understand how their performance was evaluated. (GC)

A study examined starting and current salaries of exempt employees between 1976 and 1986 by a large private firm. Women's salary disadvantage could be traced largely to their salary differential at the time they were hired. (Author)

Studies the effect of sex on the correlation between job satisfaction and self-evaluation using two experiments with college students. Results of both studies indicate that women rate their performance lower when they are dissatisfied with a task than when they are satisfied, but men's ratings are not affected by their task satisfaction. (FMW)

Despite advances made by women, male professionals still outperform and outearn women professionals. Various explanations have been put forth, including gender discrimination, biological and/or socialization differences between the sexes and differential demands of parenthood. However, none of these explanations seems to account for the magnitude…