In the context of areas that have little prospect in the medium term of providing even minimal livelihoods locally for their overwhelming poor and increasingly migration-dependent rural populations, what does education for sustainable development (ESD) mean? Do efforts to qualitatively improve migration offer a viable strategy for reducing poverty…

The role of adult education in reducing inequalities and raising levels of professional qualifications and cultural standards is the subject of this series of five reports presented at a symposium on adult education and inequality. Discussions of the role of adult education's threefold perspective of literacy learning and general cultural…

This report focuses on the short term basic and occupational skills training needs of rural and urban poor women in developing countries who have had no schooling or those who have entered and/or have completed primary schooling. It is organized into three parts. Part 1 deals with the rationale for training women in occupational skills and…

After an analysis of 1990 Philippines National Statistics Office data showed a high incidence of illiteracy among women in the fishing villages, a project, Community Learning Approach (CLA), was developed to raise the literacy level. It was designed as an alternative delivery system of educating women in 24 villages for functional literacy and…

An evaluative study was conducted of the Training for Rural Gainful Activities (TRUGA) project and methodology in Nepal regarding women's participation and benefits. The study analyzed TRUGA as a project and as a training methodology, assessed the effects of TRUGA activities on women, and evaluated project investment in and benefits to women.…