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Direct linkWasserman, Lewis M.; Connolly, John P. – Teachers College Record, 2017
Background/Context: Pickering v. Board of Education, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1968, is considered the high-water mark in the constitutional protection of public employee free speech. Two significant decisions issued by that Court since Pickering have limited public employees' expressive rights: Connick v. Myers and Garcetti v.…
Descriptors: Freedom of Speech, Elementary Secondary Education, Court Litigation, Government Employees
Gooden, Mark A.; Green, Terrance L. – Teachers College Record, 2016
The Honorable Judge Nathaniel Jones litigated the "Milliken v. Bradley I" case before the U.S. District Court and Supreme Court in 1971 and 1974. Nathaniel Jones was born May 12, 1926 in Youngstown, Ohio, and served as the general counsel for the NAACP from 1969-1979. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter nominated Nathaniel Jones to the U.S.…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, Federal Legislation, Desegregation Litigation, School Desegregation
Hutt, Ethan L. – Teachers College Record, 2012
Background/Context: Though the impact of the legal system in shaping public education over the last sixty years is unquestioned, scholars have largely overlooked the impact of the legal system on the early development and trajectory of public schools in America. Scholars have given particularly little attention to the period in the late nineteenth…
Descriptors: Judges, Decision Making, State Courts, Court Litigation
