This discussion encompasses how people come to recognize moral obligations, how they arrive at moral judgments of themselves and others, and how the individual employs moral judgments to guide his own behavior. (Author/AM)

Outlines the process leading from the perception of need to altruistic behavior arguing that internalized humanitarian norms mediate this process and that when these norms are activated, behavior may be motivated by the justice of need. Suggestions for further research are made. (Author/AM)

Reviews the literature from the three standpoints of learning theory, psycho-analysis, and cognitive developmental theory and suggests that investigations explore specific socialization practices that contribute to both personal integration and moral maturity. (Author/AM)

Notes that to the extent to which solutions to major worldwide distributive problems require a cooperative-communal orientation, such solutions will not be achieved as long as the economic sphere and socializing agents persist in viewing agency-equity-competition as the natural state of mankind. (Author/AM)

Suggests that whatever role the jury has in theory, in practice it can ignore the strict application of the law and respond to the unique aspects of each case that comes before it, a right that is supported as an effective means of protecting individuals from the oppressive or unjust use of governmental power. (Author/AM)

States that if conventional moral reasoning led the Watergate characters to err, they were not alone; three hundred and seventy people, predominantly college students drawn from a variety of New England and Midwestern campuses who had been given Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview, were asked to decide some of the same dilemmas which confronted…

Suggests that power may be a better ally for the social reformer than logic. There seems to be little chance that the majority will recognize the claims of the exploited minorities unless they can amass enough power to enforce their demands. The powerful are seen to generate philosophies to justify the most unequal of outcomes. (Author/AM)

This review of the empirical literature reveals that violence is vastly over predicted, regardless of who is doing the predicting or how the predictions are made-yet much current social policy in the areas of mental health and criminal justice assumes that psychologists and psychiatrists can accurately predict who will be physically violent.…

Compares three models positing differing roles for values in predicting fairness judgments and support of affirmative action: Tetlock's (1986) value pluralism models, Lind's (1992) fairness heuristic hypothesis, and Jackman's (1978) model involving no role for values. Results support the fairness heuristic hypothesis, indicating that values play a…

Studies effects of variables hypothesized to affect inclusion by 182 male and 181 female high school students of animals within their scope of justice. Conflict with the animal and utility of the animal modify justice's scope. Similarity between the animal and people plays a complicated role in exclusion. (SLD)

Presents evidence that there are relatively stable individual differences in the belief in a just world and that these differences may underlie the ways in which people react to victimized persons and groups, both outside and inside the experimental laboratory. (Author/AM)

Reviews the majority of academic freedom and civil liberty cases on which the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI) took action from 1936 to 1970 and concludes with a list of some of SPSSI's positive and negative experiences. Overall, SPSSI had made important positive contributions. (ETS)

Notes that people all over the world who are sufficiently motivated by what they think is an injustice go to great lengths to find a way to right a wrong. Whether the forums they seek out are judicial or extra-judicial varies among societies and is directly related to what forums are available and how they operate. (Author/AM)

Suggests that equity is only one of many possible principles of distributive justice and outlines some of the issues relating to a broader conception of distributive justice, discussing the question of which of several basic principles of distributive justice will be employed by a group. (Author/AM)

Examines the effects of group membership on group members' concerns about justice. Two types of effects are hypothesized to exist: inclusionary and exclusionary. Inclusionary effects involve the relationship between groups and their members. Exclusionary effects involve the relationship of groups to nonmembers. Data indicate that inclusionary…