To provide intelligent learning guidance for students in e-learning systems, it is necessary to accurately predict their performance in future exams by analyzing score data in past exams. However, existing research has not addressed the uncertain and dynamic features of students' cognitive status, whereas these features are essential for improving…

When the purpose and meaning of grades is not well-defined by an organization, there is a disconnect between curricular/assessment practices and student engagement. This study sought to investigate origins and find solutions in regards to discerning a student's knowledge and mastery of a subject and how this is reflected in the grade, and how…

For more than 2 decades, Karin Hess has worked with the concept of depth of knowledge (DOK) and expanded applications of cognitive rigor across content areas and grade levels, proving that every student can experience deeper learning. This interactive book offers a self-guided journey beginning with the basics: what DOK is, what it is not, and…

Probing children's understanding of science concepts has been a focus of research in science education since the 1980s. In the process of learning, learners often produce many conceptions that differ from established scientific knowledge, which are commonly labelled as alternative conceptions (ACs). Knowing these ACs, their prevalence, nature,…

At present, environmental issues are of concern to all countries, especially for developing countries, and education on waste sorting is urgent. However, it remains a challenge to improve students' learning achievement and engagement in environmental education. Researchers have pointed out the potential of digital games for promoting students'…

This research aimed at analyzing student misconceptions about Newton's Laws through Four-Tier Newtonian Test (FTNT). The research involved 30 students (15 boys and 15 girls, whose ages were middling of 16 years-old) at one of Senior High School in Bandung, Indonesia. The data were analyzed through mixed methods. Based on the quantitative analysis,…

This study aimed to examine the understanding of secondary school students about green chemistry-related concepts, to include raw materials, solvent, and atom economy. Interviews were conducted with secondary school students from Grades 9 to 12 to acquire their descriptive understanding of the corresponding concepts. Based on the systematic…

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of formative assessment based learning on students' conceptual understanding levels regarding basic astronomical concepts. The study was conducted in a public primary school with 24 5th graders. The study group was applied a 3 phased teaching process based on formative assessment for the duration of…

Distance learning, whether completely remote or in combination with classroom experiences, can pose challenges for teachers, students, and families. Pre-assessment to plan instruction can help guide the instructional planning process and improve the distance learning experience for students with disabilities, as well as for other students. This…

This study discusses the disparity in numbers between Japanese children and their Brazilian immigrant peers concerning placement in Japanese special education classes. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 stakeholders including Japanese nationals and Brazilian immigrants to see if there were any ways to explain the larger numbers of…

Bar graphs and histograms are core statistical tools that are widely used in statistical practice and commonly taught in classrooms. Despite their importance and the instructional time devoted to them, many students demonstrate misunderstandings when asked to read and interpret bar graphs and histograms. Much of the research that has been…

This paper presents a case for the use of transaction-level data when analyzing automated online assessment results to identify knowledge gaps and misconceptions for individual students. Transaction-level data, which records all of the steps a student uses to complete an assessment item, are preferred over traditional assessment formats that…

Many undergraduates in privileged positions mistakenly feel that we live in a post-racial society (e.g. Goodman, 1995; Osborne, Kriese, & Davis, 2013). Their prior knowledge about diversity can be limited and they can be unaware of what they do not know about cultural competence and intercultural sensitivity (e.g., Osborne et al., 2013;…

A central understanding in mathematics is knowledge of "math equivalence," the relation indicating that 2 quantities are equal and interchangeable. Decades of research have documented elementary-school (ages 7 to 11) children's (mis)understanding of math equivalence, and recent work has developed a construct map and comprehensive…

The current study explored preservice and inservice teachers' perspectives on data literacy for teaching. Semi-structured interviews were employed with 12 teacher candidates in elementary and special education. The findings revealed participants' misconceptions regarding formative and summative data; their understanding of the value of formative…