The bloom of technologies has witnessed the urgent need to develop high quality STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education. For this reason, there has been increasing emphases on understanding how STEM teachers perceive about STEM education, which would directly influence their classroom instructions. Scholars have designed…

Today, the point where technology has come has revealed the need for individuals to be equipped with different skills. Teachers play an essential role in the development of these skills. Teachers should be able to use and master the methods that enable students to participate in the learning environment actively and gain the technological…

Early childhood teachers are critical in promoting young children's STEM learning. However, research indicates that early childhood teachers are unfamiliar with STEM and do not have confidence in their abilities and skills to implement STEM education. Despite this issue, previous research has focused less on early childhood teachers' STEM…

Previous studies from German-speaking areas of Europe could not prove any substantial development in the competences and the pedagogical content knowledge of prospective history teachers during teacher training, and thus could not empirically confirm the effectiveness of teacher education. We report on the theoretical framework and the results of…

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), the demand for K-12 computer science (CS) education continues to grow. However, there has long been a lack of trained CS teachers. To promote the AI teaching competency of CS teachers, a professional development (PD) program based on the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)…

Teachers' confidence in navigating the complexities of 'being a teacher' influence their behaviour, how they are perceived, how they make sense of their environment and circumstances and their successes. A web-based survey was developed and distributed to music teachers via an online community of practice. This paper reports on the respondents'…

It is of great importance that science educators teach COVID-19 and related pandemics to boost students' scientific literacy. A mixed methods research design (pre-post test instrument [N = 86] and semi-structured interviews [N = 11]--August 2020 to June 2021) evaluated the ability of an intervention (12 h, three-session, 3-day, online workshop) to…

This article focuses on the analytical competence of teachers, which can be defined as the ability to properly perceive and assess lessons in terms of the effectiveness of pupils' learning. However, learning opportunities for fostering this competence in teacher education can only be justified if the components of this construct are theoretically…

Professional knowledge is an important source of science teachers' actions in the classroom (e.g., personal professional content knowledge [pedagogical content knowledge, PCK] is the source of enacted PCK in the refined consensus model [RCM] for PCK). However, the evidence for this claim is ambiguous at best. This study applied a cross-lagged…

Mathematics teacher education programs in the United States are charged with preparing prospective secondary teachers (PSTs) to teach reasoning and proving across grade levels and mathematical topics. Although most programs require a course on proof, PSTs often perceive it as disconnected from their future classroom practice. Our design research…

Research has identified pedagogical skills as the main skills that student-teachers need for self-efficacy and on-going development in teaching. Pedagogical skills help teachers to reflect on their ability to attain the desired professional standards for teaching. Any failure of teacher preparation programme to equip student-teachers with…

The goal of this study was to explore the influencing factors of pre-service science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for targeted aspects of nature of science (NOS) and nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI) in a 13-month teacher development program, through multiple data sources. The program included a research experience, a course on…

Despite growing evidence that classroom interventions in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) can increase student achievement, there is little evidence regarding how these interventions affect teachers themselves and whether these changes predict student learning. We present results from a meta-analysis of 37 experimental…

Cultural diversity in Estonia has been expanding through migration and hence the need to teach newly arrived migrant students (NAMSs) has become an important issue in the Estonian education system. This study examined intercultural competence across domains relating to the attitudes, knowledge and skills of teachers. A total of 167 teachers from…

Background: Small-group discussions are well established as an effective pedagogical tool to promote student learning in STEM classrooms. However, there are a variety of factors that influence how and to what extent K-12 teachers use small-group discussions in their classrooms, including both their own STEM content knowledge and their perceived…