Discusses how other countries have dealt with the problems of plant shutdowns and relocation and how their solutions can be adapted to American industry. (JOW)

The study focuses on the 16 industrial unions joined together in the German Trade Union Confederation and their relations at the national level to the two major parties of the Federal Republic. Historical background and current socioeconomic issues and problems are topics discussed. (MW)

About three-quarters of current unemployment in these countries is due to deficient labor force demand. Changes in economic policy and improvement in labor mobility are necessary elements in solving the problem. (Author/SK)

Evidence from four Eastern and three Western European countries suggests that there has been some convergence in the application of manpower and social demand criteria to higher education planning. The theoretical case for and against manpower planning is discussed, and the approaches of specific countries are described. (Author/MLW)