Context: Faced with deep challenges with access to formal education, many West African countries are increasingly taking steps to reform their informal apprenticeship systems to make them a quality skills development alternative for their teeming youth. A review of the literature shows that although different countries in the region are deploying…

In 1990, a national survey of two-year institutions revealed that among colleges operating Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) programs, the cost per participant was far below the national average for JTPA programs. However, interviews conducted with community colleges suggested that officials responsible for disbursing JTPA funds were not…

A serious constraint to the development of a modern and diversified industrial base in Saudi Arabia is the critical shortage of skilled manpower. To remedy this deficit, vocational and technical education programs in the country are being revised and expanded. Five secondary-level Vocational Industrial Schools have been established by the Ministry…