Measures to directly create jobs have begun to occupy an important position in American economic policies. Most of these measures involve direct public service programs and employment subsidies. This paper explores the reasons for the emergence of such programs and notes that the economic rationale for these measures suggests a substantial…

Policies to regulate and support labor markets in the United States have mainly been an initiative of the federal government. Historically, states and localities were reluctant to act independently to build up worker rights and protections for fear of competitively disadvantaging resident industries with added costs. Federal constitutional…

This report focuses on use of large-scale economy-wide models in Australia for occupational forecasting and their use in the vocational education and training (VET) sector for making decisions about training profiles across occupational areas. Section 2 reviews objectives of VET policy as defined in the legislation and Australian National Training…

In response to a 1982 request by the U.S. Department of the Army, the National Research Council's Board on Army Science and Technology established the Committee on Army Manpower to investigate the professional environments and use of civilian and military scientists/engineers in Army laboratories. The committee's primary objective was to identify…

Unemployment compensation in the United States is provided through a federal-state system of unemployment insurance (UI). UI provides temporary partial wage replacement to active job seekers who are involuntarily out of work. For older workers, UI is an important source of income security and a potential influence on work incentives. For example,…

This document is responsive to requirements in the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) to report on findings from research and evaluation activities conducted in fiscal 1979 and plans for fiscal 1980 by the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, Evaluation, and Research…

The report discusses activities of a first-year project to identify and solve personnel problems in the Family Services Division of the Missouri Department of Social Services. A specific objective of the project was to develop career ladders within Missouri's state government agencies which would increase job satisfaction and worker productivity.…

This paper focuses on the demand for and supply of intermediate-level vocational skills within the United Kingdom (UK) economy. Using existing research from surveys and case studies, Part One argues that there is a lack of evidence that widespread intermediate-skill shortages exist within the expanding service sector. In the manufacturing sector,…

Since its inception in 1933, everything that the Employment Security Service has done directly and indirectly involves the gathering, analysis, and distribution of occupational information. Yet, as vital as occupational information is to the employment service, only a very small portion of the total employment security budget, perhaps 5 to 10…