While the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) faces a labor shortage, Azerbaijan has a labor surplus. Efforts are underway to ensure appropriate changes in industrial employment. Policymakers are also attempting to achieve an optimal concentration of industry, increase worker mobility, improve vocational training, and ensure sex equity.…

Examines the present debate surrounding deschooling (abolition or non-setting up of schools) particularly hypotheses regarding the use of schooling as a screening device for occupational selection. Analyzes its relevance for low-income, low-schooling countries in light of recent data from Northern Nigeria on education and labor productivity. (JT)

The author discusses the shortage of qualified engineers and the importance to the United States of high-quality engineering faculty, high-quality engineering graduates, and strong math and science departments in high schools. The author argues that it is up to the private sector to encourage these trends. (CT)

The principle of supply and demand has been chosen to capture and present quantitatively an important data source for describing employment potential. The Pennsylvania State Occupational Information Coordinating Committee has developed an Occupational Information System (OIS) and companion microcomputer version (Micro-OIS). This system contains…

Growing youth unemployment problems in Canada have resulted in the need for government intervention. The Ontario Career Action program was created in order to provide a youth internship program within government agencies that would allow relevant work experience for young people. (JN)

A survey of 6,000 registered nurses in membership in the Royal College of Nursing across the United Kingdom examined some key factors that determined the supply of nurses. A study of the UK nursing labor market indicated that the number of registered nurses has remained more or less static since the late 1980s. Rising demand appeared to be met by…

This study was undertaken to determine the occupational opportunities available for high school students and graduates in the Northwest R-I School District of House Springs, Missouri. Specific objectives of the survey were (1) to locate possible part-time and full-time career opportunities for youth and adults, (2) to secure occupational…

Discusses problems encountered in France in developing a labor force skilled in areas needed by industry and in coordinating the supply and demand of these skills. Conclusions are that vocational training research must be promoted on a systematic basis and that socioeconomic factors and worker attitudes must be considered in addition to technical…

Highlights cross-national differences in school-to-work systems in Germany, the Netherlands, England, Wales, and the United States. Suggests that the root of many transition problems is the disconnections and tensions between the vocational education and training system and the labor market. (SK)

The Arizona Center for Vocational Education was mandated to provide the State Board for Vocational and Technical Education with an annual list of high demand occupations ranked according to a job opportunity factor that takes into consideration both supply and demand for workers in that occupation. The list was to indicate which occupations were…

A study of British students in Years 6, 10, and 12 found that they base their understanding of careers and work on images from personal experience, adults, and the media. Career decisions are based on pragmatic, opportunistic factors, not well matched with supply and demand. A divergent, holistic approach to guidance should challenge their…

The North Clackamas School District (Oregon) conducted the Student Cooperative Training Units (CTU) program. The CTU program addressed two key issues that disrupted the development and maintenance of local high technology businesses: (1) The aerospace parts casting, health care, and graphic reproduction industries have experienced a shortage of…

This publication provides charts (with backup tables) and text for a basic presentation on current and projected career and employment opportunities in the various fields of science and engineering. The charts are organized under four headings: (1) supply of scientists and engineers; (2) utilization of scientists and engineers; (3) future supply…

The present article is designed to study the attitudes of young villagers toward living in the city or in the countryside as a condition that is essential for the reproduction of the social and professional structure of the countryside, a structure that has become deformed in the past few years and is not up to current requirements. The study is…

In most developing countries the net private benefit of higher education exceeds its net social benefit because education-related wage differentials are excessive and the beneficiaries of higher education are subsidized. The resulting political pressures seem to favor investment in education over the creation of employment opportunities. A more…