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Peer reviewedCohen, Sophia R. – Child Development, 1985
Used descriptive analysis and a forced choice task to investigate childrens' and adults' production, interpretation, and judgment of notation. Results showed that young children may not impose the same symbol-meaning structure at decoding that was proposed at encoding. Only after this ability develops does a preference for one form-one function…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Development, Encoding (Psychology), Language Acquisition
Abkarian, G. G. – Journal of Childhood Communication Disorders, 1986
Eighty unimpaired adults took the iconic-symbolic (I-S) subtest of the Muma Assessment Program under traditional protocols and revised instructions like those used in classic studies of classification ability. Only 18 functioned at the symbolic level as defined by the protocols; revised instructions more frequently evoked the expected symbolic…
Descriptors: Adults, Classification, Cognitive Development, Developmental Stages
Peer reviewedSmith, Cheryl A.; Sachs, Jacqueline – Applied Psycholinguistics, 1990
Twenty-four 12- to 19-month-old children were studied to examine the cognitive basis for the emergence of verbs. Substantial increases in verb comprehension across contexts, abstract cognition, and the ability to engage in symbolic action were observed, suggesting a relationship between underlying cognitive development and increased verb…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Language Acquisition
