Research has indicated that one significant deficiency in the intellectual capabilities of disadvantaged children is a disability in abstract thinking. Although all very young children lack this ability, the environment of the middle class child provides an opportunity so that as this child matures, the ability to think in abstract terms naturally…

These papers deal with four specific propositions concerning the role of measurement in early childhood education: 1. measurement should play an integral part in early education, independent of special pressures to evaluate program effects; 2. the measures should be designed or adapted specifically to the continuing needs of preprimary educators…