This study investigated heritage language (HL) maintenance and ethnic identity among Korean heritage speakers in the Pacific region (Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii), an understudied population in the field. It focused on patterns of language use and factors (i.e. age at immigration (AI), self-rated language proficiency, and frequency of…

Often, teachers enter a community in which they are considered the "Outsiders" and are tasked with learning and teaching about the "Other." This qualitative case study focused on how K-12 Hawai'i Department of Education public school teachers, from backgrounds different from their diverse learners changed their perspectives and…

In the United States, systemic racism against people of color was brought to the forefront of discourse throughout 2020, and highlighted the on-going inequities faced by intentionally marginalized groups in policing, health and education. No community of color is immune from these inequities, and the activism in 2020 and the consequences of the…

Multilingualism gives rise to cognitive, educational, economic, and sociocultural benefits. In fact, it's one of the U.S. Department of Education's big initiatives through Raise the Bar: Lead the World. In this infographic, gain insights about the growing population of multilingual learners and how educational agencies, schools, and educators can…

Language documentation is increasingly seen as a collaborative process, engaging community members as active participants. Collaborative research produces better documentation that is valuable for both the academic community and the speakers. However, in many communities, speakers and language advocates lack the skills necessary to fully engage in…

A scan of academic databases shows research publications covering every topic from impending death in the "Journal of Near-death Studies" to keeping potatoes safe in the "Journal of Potato Storage." The most popular languages for publications are in English, followed by French, German, Spanish and Chinese. While Chinese is the…

Apart from a handful of studies (e.g., Kinney 1956), linguists know little about what variation exists in Hawaiian and what factors constrain the variation. In this paper, we present an analysis of phonetic variation in the word "keia," meaning "this," examining the social, linguistic, and probabilistic factors that constrain…

As a Native Hawaiian steadfast in her efforts to revitalize the Hawaiian language and culture, the author designed this study to critically explore issues and challenges, document and analyze distinctive practices, and affirm achievements within the context of preparing Hawaiian language medium-immersion teachers. The study was designed as a…

As the result of two gifts--a gift of land from Hawaiian chiefs and a gift of Western education from American missionaries--Punahou School boasts a 176 year history of education grounded in Hawai'i, its people, and its evolution. While embedded in its current "Aims of a Punahou Education," Hawaiian language and culture (HL/C) occupies a…

This article examines counter-hegemony occurring through the development of the Hawaiian language immersion movement, successfully leading to the saving of both Hawaiian culture and the Hawaiian language. After almost 100 years without Hawaiian being the language of instruction, it has re-emerged. Counter-hegemony began in the 1960s with the…

Intergenerational transmission, the ultimate goal of language revitalization efforts, can only be achieved by (re)establishing the conditions under which an imperiled language can be acquired by the community's children. This paper presents a tutorial survey of several key points relating to language acquisition and maintenance in children,…

With an increased interest in the revitalization of Indigenous languages and cultural practices worldwide, there is also an increased need to develop tools to support Indigenous language learners and instructors. The purpose of this article is to presents such a tool called ANA 'OLELO, designed specifically to assess Hawaiian language proficiency.…

This dissertation examines the linguistic practices of Tokelau people resettled on Hawai'i's island of O'ahu as they engage in the work of maintaining their heritage language. The focus of the research is on the community of practice that has developed around the language and culture school Te Lumanaki o Tokelau i Amelika ("The Future of…

Some 40 years ago, language transmission in Hawai'i was interrupted among Hawaiians across all islands with the sole exception of language maintenance among a small community on the tiny, isolated Ni'ihau Island. Today, Hawaiian has returned as spoken and written medium with some 5000-7000 new speakers. The present paper provides an up-to-date…

With the passage of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001, the United States spent millions upon millions of dollars in a largely unsuccessful effort to close the academic achievement gap between American-Indian and some other ethnic minorities and mainstream Americans. NCLB's focus on teacher quality and evidence-based curriculum and…