This article compares the immersion-education systems in Brittany and Wales. The number of Welsh speakers is growing thanks to its well-developed immersion-education system. Brittany has a much less well-developed system and the number of Breton speakers is falling dramatically. Urgent action is needed if Breton is to survive. Using an approach…

A challenge noted in a number of endangered language contexts is the need to mix second-language (L2) learners of the target language with first-language (L1) speakers of that language in a less planned way than is found in the two-way immersion approach. Such mixing of L1 speakers of the target language with L2 learners arises from the difficulty…

The attitudes and behaviours of majority language speakers have an important impact on minority languages, and it has been claimed that the long-term success of minority language initiatives may only be achievable if some degree of favourable opinion, or "tolerability", of these initiatives is secured among majority language speakers.…

This collection of 10 papers focuses on multilingual education programs and policies in Europe, concentrating on publicly-funded, non-elitist programs. The papers include: (1) "Bilingual Education in Wales" (Colin Baker); (2) "Catalan and Basque Immersion Programmes" (Josep Maria Artigal); (3) "Bilingual or Bicultural…

The journal for teachers of Celtic languages in the United States and Canada contains six articles. "Motivation and Gender: A Welsh Case Study" (Christine M. Jones) examines data on characteristics of one group of students of Welsh, focusing on gender-related motivational differences. "Morphological Objects" (Annette…