Ten Japanese subjects in Arizona participated in a study that confirmed that Japanese-specific rhetoric is transferred in a native Japanese English-as-a-Second-Language student's composition, and examined the extent to which the transferred rhetorical organization is discordant with native English readers' expectations. (26 references) (LB)

Acknowledging that to study the development of a language is to study the history and culture of people and that English has been influenced by many geographic, political, economic, social, and linguistic forces, this booklet provides a ready reference for elementary and middle school/junior high school teachers confronted with students' questions…

A context-based framework for teaching the history of Portuguese is presented. It incorporates passages from a medieval Galician-Portuguese work to illustrate diachronic linguistic processes in the evolution of the language. Advantages of the approach, prerequisites, text, and syllabus are described, and a sample analysis is provided. (53…