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Direct linkIvy, Lennette J.; Masterson, Julie J. – Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 2011
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the rates of using African American English (AAE) grammatical features in spoken and written language at different points in literacy development. Based on Kroll's model (1981), a high degree of similarity in use between the modalities was expected at Grade 3, and lower similarity was…
Descriptors: African American Students, Writing (Composition), Black Dialects, Grammar
Download full textGoodman, Yetta M.; Wilde, Sandra – 1985
Focusing on children's production of written language, a two-year study, conducted on the Oodham (Papago) Indian Reservation in Arizona, explored social context, linguistic systems, and the creation of meaning as aspects of the writing process. Ten American Indian children in third and fourth grade provided over 200 stories that formed the basic…
Descriptors: American Indian Education, Child Development, Cultural Background, Elementary Education
