In this article, we examine the relationship between classroom talk, teacher-student roles and paradigms for literacy and learning in two ninth-grade English Language Arts classes. Our goal was to understand how these roles and practices socialized students into norms for academic language and literacy as they read and wrote poetry in preparation…

Purpose: A mixed-methods approach, evaluating triple word-form theory, was used to describe linguistic patterns of misspellings. Method: Spelling errors were taken from narrative and expository writing samples provided by 888 typically developing students in Grades 1-9. Errors were coded by category (phonological, orthographic, and morphological)…

This paper proposes the identification and use of principle-based pedagogical patterns to help teachers to translate design principles into actionable teaching activities, and to scaffold student learning with sufficient flexibility and creativity. A set of pedagogical patterns for networked Second language (L2) learning, categorized and…

THIS STUDENT'S HANDBOOK IS FOR LANGUAGE LABORATORY INSTRUCTION IN MANDARIN CHINESE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS. THE MATERIAL CONSTITUTES THE FIRST LEVEL OF A 4-YEAR SEQUENCE TO BE USED BY NINTH-GRADE STUDENTS. FIFTEEN UNITS ARE PLANNED FOR TWO SEMESTERS' INSTRUCTION. THIS TEXT CONSISTS OF (1) A BRIEF ENGLISH EXPLANATION OF THE SITUATION, (2) A CUE SHEET,…

The O'Donnell "Perception of Alternate Structures Test" (P. A. S. T.) was designed to produce a more efficient measure of perception of syntactic features. Like Simons'"Deep Structure Recovery Test" (D. S. R. T.), the P. A. S. T. has two sentences in each item that are similar in underlying structure. Like the earlier O'Donnell "Test of…

THESE FOUR TESTS--"MORE ABOUT QUESTIONS,""THE NEGATIVE,""EXPANSION OF TRANSITIVE VERBS," AND "DETERMINERS"--WERE DESIGNED BY THE OREGON CURRICULUM STUDY CENTER FOR A NINTH-GRADE LANGUAGE CURRICULUM. THEY ARE INTENDED TO ACCOMPANY CURRICULUM UNITS AVAILABLE AS ED 010 829 AND ED 010 830. (MM)

In answer to the need for more effective punctuation instruction, a project, based on the theory that an essential relationship exists between intonation and punctuation, was designed for and executed with two 9th-grade student groups--one experimental, the other control. The experimental group received punctuation instruction through the use of…

THIS TEACHER'S HANDBOOK IS FOR LANGUAGE LABORATORY INSTRUCTION IN MANDARIN CHINESE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS. THE MATERIALS ARE PLANNED ACCORDING TO THE CHINESE CURRICULUM ADOPTED BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CHINESE LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION IN CALIFORNIA PUBLIC SCHOOLS, AND CONSTITUTE THE FIRST LEVEL OF A 4-YEAR SEQUENCE TO BE USED BY NINTH-GRADE…

VARIOUS FORMS OF PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES AND EXPANSION, AND THE SINGLE-BASE AND DOUBLE-BASE TRANSFORMATIONS WERE INCLUDED AS AN INTRODUCTION TO THIS GRAMMAR REVIEW GUIDE FOR NINTH-GRADERS. THE REVIEW COVERED INDIRECT OBJECT VERBS, TRANSITIVE VERBS, DETERMINERS, DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES, IMPERATIVES, NEGATIVES, AND CONTRACTIONS AND WAS BASED…

SUGGESTIONS WERE OFFERED IN THIS TEACHER'S GUIDE FOR VARIOUS APPROACHES IN REVIEWING GRAMMAR PREVIOUSLY PRESENTED TO NINTH-GRADE STUDENTS. THE GRAMMAR REVIEW COVERED PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES, TRANSITIVE VERBS, DETERMINERS, INTERROGATIVES, AND NEGATIVES. WHILE THE EXERCISES IN THE STUDENT VERSION WERE MEANT TO BE WRITTEN, THE TEACHER'S GUIDE…

This article presents two developmental studies of discourse patterns in student writing. Results from two projects are presented: (1) the NORDWRITE project (1986-1989; Norwegian argumentative material from grades eight and nine) and (2) a comparison of argumentative writing in grades eight and nine with foreign language argumentative writing at…

When ninth-grade students are searching for help in expressing their newly discovered ideas, the principles of transformational grammar can be brought to their aid in the following ways: (1) Assign a provocative topic to the students which they are to discuss as fully as possible in one sentence. (2) Present only the kernel sentences of a…

This ninth-grade unit on language differences is intended to increase "the student's awareness or sensitivity to the ways in which language varies with the differing backgrounds and interests of those who use language," to develop his "abilities to adapt his language behavior to more effectively meet the demands of a variety of…

A study compared the types of information included in English narratives written by monolingual American students, English narratives by bilingual Mexican students, and Spanish narratives by monolingual Mexican students, and possible differences by grade level. Subjects were in six groups: monolingual (English-speaking) American; bilingual…