Associative anaphora refers to a discourse operation that links a definite determiner phrase (DP) to an antecedent that acts as an indirect referent of the definite DP. For example, in the sequence 'I bought a laptop. The keyboard was black', the definite DP 'the keyboard' is linked to 'a laptop', meaning 'the keyboard of the laptop'. The…

Every environment contains infinite potential features and correlations among features, or patterns. Detecting valid and learnable patterns in one environment is beneficial for learners because doing so lends predictability to new environments where the same or analogous patterns recur. However, some apparent correlations among features reflect…

Traditional flat-structured bigram and trigram models of phonotactics are useful because they capture a large number of facts about phonological processes. Additionally, these models predict that local interactions should be easier to learn than long-distance ones because long-distance dependencies are difficult to capture with these models.…

THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS MATERIAL ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT. APPROXIMATELY 65 UNANNOTATED REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED TO DOCUMENTS DATING FROM 1958 TO 1966. JOURNALS, BOOKS, AND REPORT MATERIALS ARE LISTED. SUBJECT AREAS INCLUDED ARE THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS, LANGUAGE LEARNING, LANGUAGE SKILLS, LANGUAGE PATTERNS, AND…

IN TYPICAL MCLUHAN STYLE, THE AUTHOR OF THIS WORKING PAPER TRACES HISTORICAL-CULTURAL TRANSITIONS FROM PHONETIC ALPHABET TECHNOLOGY TO MEDIA OF THE NEW ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY. THESE MEDIA ARE VIEWED AS EXTENSIONS OF MAN'S SENSES, AND AS LANGUAGES THEMSELVES, WHOSE ONLY CONTENT ARE OTHER MEDIA. EACH MEDIUM (E.G. SPEECH, WRITING, PRINT, PHOTOGRAPHY,…

A METHODOLOGY WAS DEVELOPED TO DESCRIBE THE LANGUAGE OF THE CLASSROOM BY CONSIDERING--(1) PEDAGOGICAL MOVES OF STRUCTURING, SOLICITING, RESPONDING, AND REACTING, (2) SUBSTANTIVE MEANINGS, (3) SUBSTANTIVE-LOGICAL MEANINGS, (4) INSTRUCTIONAL MEANINGS, AND (5) INSTRUCTIONAL-LOGICAL MEANINGS. A PROCEDURE WAS ALSO DEVELOPED FOR CHARACTERIZING THE…

This paper describes a preliminary study which focuses on the syllable structure of interlanguage and begins to identify some of the processes which shape that interlanguage. Adults learning English as a second language in a formal classroom situation were recorded as they described a series of pictures in English. Two subjects were native…

Some aspects of a general systems theory of second language acquisition are as follows: the system is greater than the sum of its parts; each component has a distinctive role in the overall operation of the system; some components may be entire systems themselves; the workings of the system proceed according to patterns, and rules for any given…

Summarized in terms of competence and performance models is the development of questionning behavior in the language repertoire of retarded children. The role of questions, particularly WH questions, is reviewed in adult language (semantics and pragmatics) and children's language (receptive and expressive abilities). Discussed is research dealing…

The monograph under review is a study of the acquisition of certain complex linguistic structures by children over the age of five. After a short introduction, Chomsky describes in chapter 2 the linguistic properties of four types of constructions: (1) John is eager to see; John is easy to see; (2) John promised Bill to shovel the driveway; John…

In laying the groundwork for a co-operative scientific inquiry in the field of learning sciences the following five areas of access to the study are considered in this introductory inquiry statement: 1) genetic sociology (symbolic systems and early socialization); 2) experimental ethnography (the effect of literacy on the structure of skill and…

A theory of how people learn certain procedural skills is presented. It is based on the idea that the teaching and learning that goes on in a classroom is like an ordinary conversation. The speaker (teacher) compresses a non-linear knowledge structure (the target procedure) into a linear sequence of utterances (lessons). The listener (student)…

Three projects were designed to develop and evaluate materials for use with aphasic children (perceptually handicapped with language problems). The first project presented stimulus pairs in varying modality conditions. Results suggested that, although the aphasic children were not capable of improving their auditory discrimination performance,…

This selected bibliography on language learners' systems and error analysis is divided into five section. Section 1 deals with the notion of approximative or intermediate systems and interlanguage, and with more classical studies on contrastive analysis. Section 2 focuses on the concept and definition of learner errors and includes items dealing…