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Doman, Evelyn – Online Submission, 2012
Few, if any, researchers would deny the existence of the developmental stages of language learning. However, there are questions about the applicability and the importance of the stages in pedagogy. Up to this point, these questions regarding the ESL (English as a second language) stages have never been addressed in a Japanese post-secondary…
Descriptors: Evidence, Developmental Stages, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction

Takano, Yohtaro; Noda, Akiko – Language Learning, 1995
Examines whether the "foreign language effect", that is, a temporary decline of thinking ability during foreign language processing, is larger when similarity between a foreign language and a native language is less. The results of two divided-attention experiments indicate that this effect was larger when the native tongue was less…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, College Students, Contrastive Linguistics, Foreign Countries