Discusses the theory that the effect of repetition is greater when memory for an earlier presentation of the repeated item is less accessible. Describes experiments revealing interactions between the spacing of repetitions and the similarity of repetitions, the type of intervening material and cue effectiveness. (EKN)

Results in Experiment I contradict certain predictions regarding the effect of presentation time on nominal and functional serial-position curves. Experiment II indicates that differences between nominal and functional curves are not an artifact produced by item selection. (Author/RM)

An experiment tested the hypothesis that the memory representation of a text is a hierarchical structure in which information is ordered from most important to least important. Sentences that tested topic information were verified faster and more accurately than sentences that tested detail information. (Author/RM)

The hypothesis that free recall involves the generation of candidate items followed by a decision process was tested in a situation which compared a standard recall test with a test that involved the overt generation and recognition of candidate items. (SW)

To show the organization of recall, items that are remembered together can be written on the same line of a two-dimensional (2D) grid. Such 2D recall does not induce the clustering it reveals. Various aspects of 2D recall and the clustering it reveals are discussed. (Author/RM)

Spaced presentations of 12- and 15-word lists were better recalled when no task or an easy task intervened between presentations. Results indicate a lack of generality in Bjork and Allen's 1970 findings and a need for a two-factor theory of the spacing effect, and are evidence for a spacing effect. (CHK)

When subjects are tested on ordered information, performance is better on inferences than on information actually presented during training. Humphreys suggested that superiority on inferences derives from differential frequency. This experiment refutes that position, demonstrating that superiority on inferences is observed even when frequency is…

Examines whether, after a single reading, the recall of text elements depends on the length of the passage. Results show more detail was remembered 23 hours later for short passages than for long. Concludes that negative effects of passage length on test performance were due in part to acquisition processes rather than retrieval. (EKN)

Examined digit and word dichotic listening in children in kindergarten and again one year later. Found that in the second digit test, between-ears performance difference decreased; overall performance increased. Between-ear differences across the two word tests were not significant, but overall performance improved over time. Age changes in the…

Experiments explored the hypothesis that immediate memory span varies with length of recalled words. Relationships between memory and word length, temporal duration, reading speed and visual and auditory presentation were investigated. Results are interpreted in terms of a phonemically-based store of limited temporal capacity with varied…

In two experiments using the Brown-Peterson memory paradigm, instructions to guess had small effects on recall, but sizeable effects on incidence of prior list intrustion. However, results indicate that proactive interference is primarily the result of inability to generate correct items, rather than confusion between present and previous items.…

Rote, repetitive Type I Rehearsal is defined as the continuous maintenance of information in memory using the minimum cognitive capacity necessary for maintenance. An analysis of errors made on a forced-choice recognition test supported the hypothesis that acoustic-phonemic components of the memory trace are added or strengthened by this…

Three experiments were conducted to extend the finding that, whereas phonemic coding is employed for short-term temporal order recall, coding of temporal-spatial patterns is employed for short-term spatial order recall. At least three types of coding strategies are available to subjects in short-term memory tasks. (CHK)

Analysis of storage, retention and retrieval in standard free recall, extended free recall, and repeated recall after a single presentation indicates that most recall failures are retrieval failures, and that extended recall decreases retrieval failure and increases consistent retrieval. (Author/RM)

Examines the effects of having both a semantic and a superficial perceptual category for organizing lists of words in free recall. Discusses the effect of individual difference characteristics, such as personality characteristics of the subject, on the results. (EKN)