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Direct linkPark, Youngmin; Warschauer, Mark – Language Learning & Technology, 2016
This experimental study examined how the reading and writing development of sixth-grade L2 students was affected by syntactic enhancement. Visual-syntactic text formatting (VSTF) technology, which visualizes syntactic structures, was used to convert a textbook to the one with syntactic enhancement. The sample (n = 282), which was drawn from a…
Descriptors: Syntax, Second Language Learning, Literacy, English (Second Language)
Bielenberg, Brian; Fillmore, Lily Wong – Educational Leadership, 2005
To make sense of the complex information taught in the upper elementary grades -- and to understand the language that increasingly appears in high-stakes tests--students must be proficient in academic English. English language learners are at a serious disadvantage. Two word problems in mathematics illustrate the difficulties that these students…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, Standardized Tests, English Instruction, Mathematics Tests
