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Use of Dependency-Annotated Learner Corpora in Measuring Syntactic Complexity for Granularity, Accuracy, Consistency, and Transparency: Implications for Research and Teaching
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Yujie Zhang; Lawrence Jun Zhang – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2025
Syntactic complexity has long been used to gauge language learners' performance, proficiency, and development, offering language teachers valid recommendations for syllabus design and materials development. Progress in syntactic complexity research foreshadows the imperative of measuring syntactic features at a high level of granularity, which…
Descriptors: Computational Linguistics, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Syntax
Developing and Validating Instruments for Measuring English-as-a-Second/Foreign-Language (L2) Learners' Metaphor Awareness
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Ting Ma; Lawrence Jun Zhang; Judy M. Parr – Language Awareness, 2025
Studies have shown that raising L2 learners' metaphor awareness contributes to the acquisition of figurative language, which fosters students' development of language skills. However, the instruments measuring metaphor awareness, in the majority of relevant research, did not seem to have undergone proper methodological procedures for checking…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Figurative Language
Longitudinal Interactions of L2 Learners' Motivations and Strategic Behavior in Strategies-Based Writing Instruction: A Self-Regulated Learning Perspective
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Lin Sophie Teng; Jia Wei; Lawrence Jun Zhang – AILA Review, 2024
Strategic behavior for self-regulated learning (SRL) is crucial for academic success in L2 writing. Yet little is known about how learners' motivation-related factors develop as their strategic behavior progresses during classroom instruction in L2 writing contexts. Informed by SRL theory, this longitudinal case study adopted multiple assessment…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Student Motivation, Student Behavior, Teaching Methods