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The Impact of Subordination Type and Finiteness on Second Language Development in Timed Impromptu Writing: An NLP-Based Analysis Using the Subordination Sophistication Analyzer

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Haerim Hwang – Written Communication, 2025

The use of subordination enables language users to achieve syntactic efficiency by allowing them to connect ideas in temporal/logical relation. Although the importance of subordination has been recognized in previous research on second language (L2) writing, it has been typically assessed with global indices that measure overall ratio of…

Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Writing (Composition), Form Classes (Languages), Syntax

Pragmatic Competence in an Email Writing Task: Influences of Situation, L1 Background, and L2 Proficiency

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Wenjuan Qin; Roujia Jia; Wei Ren – Written Communication, 2024

The study examines a corpus of 306 request emails written by 32 English-speaking (ES) teachers and 121 L2 learners from distinctive L1 backgrounds (i.e., Chinese, French, Spanish) and with different levels of L2 proficiency. Pragmatic competence is analyzed through the coding of direct and indirect request strategies used in formal and informal…

Descriptors: Pragmatics, Electronic Mail, Writing Skills, Second Language Learning