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Haerim Hwang – Written Communication, 2025
The use of subordination enables language users to achieve syntactic efficiency by allowing them to connect ideas in temporal/logical relation. Although the importance of subordination has been recognized in previous research on second language (L2) writing, it has been typically assessed with global indices that measure overall ratio of…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Writing (Composition), Form Classes (Languages), Syntax
Shungo Suzuki; Judit Kormos – Language Testing, 2025
The current study examined the extent to which first language (L1) utterance fluency measures can predict second language (L2) fluency and how L2 proficiency moderates the relationship between L1 and L2 fluency. A total of 104 Japanese-speaking learners of English completed different argumentative speech tasks in their L1 and L2. Their speaking…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Fluency
Ares Llop Naya; Eloi Puig-Mayenco; Anna Paradís – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2025
This paper provides fresh insights on how PIs (Polarity Items) in non-veridical contexts (questions and conditionals) are represented in the grammar of multilingual learners of Catalan at different stages of development. It explores how this non-native grammatical system interacts with other previously acquired systems of negation and the implicit…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, English (Second Language), English
Janne Bondi Johannessen; Björn Lundquist; Yulia Rodina; Eirik Tengesdal; Nina Hagen Kaldhol; Emel Türker; Valantis Fyndanis – Second Language Research, 2025
The present study examines grammatical gender knowledge in offline production (gender marking on indefinite articles) and online gender processing (visual world paradigm) in adult second language (L2) learners of Norwegian with three different first languages (L1s): Greek, Russian, and Turkish. In particular, it investigates the role of the…
Descriptors: Grammar, Adult Learning, Second Language Learning, Norwegian
Isabel García-del-Real; Maite López-Flamarique; Mónica Aznárez-Mauleón; Izaskun Villarreal – Language Awareness, 2025
Studies analysing the metatalk generated in collaborative writing (CW) tasks have primarily targeted secondary or adult students who wrote either in L1 or L2, and have seldom examined the process of their writing in two languages. Furthermore, these analyses have mostly focused on accuracy discussions and have ignored discussions aimed at making…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Native Language, Languages
Amir Mahshanian; Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari; Ahmad Moinzadeh – TESL-EJ, 2025
This study investigates the relationships among working memory (WM), syntactic parsing ability (SP), and L2 reading performance across varying proficiency levels. A cohort of 120 L1-Persian EFL learners was categorized into beginner, intermediate, and advanced proficiency groups based on their IELTS scores. Participants completed a reading span…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Reading Achievement
Miki Satori – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2025
This study investigated the relative contributions of English morphological and vocabulary knowledge to second language (L2) reading comprehension among 100 adult Japanese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. The study also investigated the extent to which the roles of morphological and vocabulary knowledge in L2 reading comprehension…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Reading Comprehension, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Toyese Najeem Dahunsi; Thompson Olusegun Ewata – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Multi-word expressions are formulaic language universals with arbitrary and idiosyncratic collocations. Their usage and mastery are required of learners of a second language in achieving naturalness. However, despite the importance of multi-word expressions to mastering a second language, their syntactic architecture and colligational…
Descriptors: Computational Linguistics, Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Su Fang; Xue-yi Huang; Xin Chang – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2024
In order to better understand the role of syntactic similarity in a code-switched sentence, the current study explored the effect of similar and different syntactic structures on Chinese-English bilinguals' intra-sentential switching costs. L2 proficiency and switching directions as factors that potentially intervene in bilingual performance were…
Descriptors: Chinese, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Sílvia Perpiñán; Anna Cardinaletti – Second Language Research, 2024
This study attempts to explain a systematic phenomenon that has been described in interlanguage grammars crosslinguistically: Null-Prep, which consists of omitting the obligatory preposition in certain movement constructions. We propose that Null-Prep is not related to lack of knowledge of "wh"-movement, as previously assumed, but to…
Descriptors: Interlanguage, Grammar, Phrase Structure, Linguistic Theory
Haerim Hwang; Hyunwoo Kim – Language Testing, 2024
Given the lack of computational tools available for assessing second language (L2) production in Korean, this study introduces a novel automated tool called the Korean Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (KOSCA) for measuring syntactic complexity in L2 Korean production. As an open-source graphic user interface (GUI) developed in Python, KOSCA provides…
Descriptors: Korean, Natural Language Processing, Syntax, Computer Graphics
Minjin Kim; Xiaofei Lu – Modern Language Journal, 2024
The effects of learner- and task-related variables on second language (L2) writing syntactic complexity (SC) have been extensively investigated. However, previous research has rarely assessed the reliability of computational tools for analyzing the SC of L2 spoken production, and we know less about the effects of such variables on L2 speaking SC.…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Syntax, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Jiao Du; Xiaowei He; Haopeng Yu – First Language, 2025
We used the elicited production task to explore the production of short and long passives in 15 Mandarin-speaking preschool children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD; aged 4;2-5;11) in comparison with 15 Typically Developing Aged-matched (TDA) children (aged 4;3-5;8) and 15 Typically Developing Younger (TDY) children (aged 3;2-4;3). This…
Descriptors: Mandarin Chinese, Form Classes (Languages), Child Language, Language Impairments
Batia Laufer – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2024
The study investigates whether comprehension of derived words in text context requires a complete understanding of word parts. It explores comprehension of derived words as a function of learner proficiency and contextual clues. Ninety English-as-a-foreign-language learners at three proficiency levels participated in three successive tests…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), English Language Learners, Language Proficiency, Language Tests
Qiaoling He; Isabel Oltra-Massuet – Language Teaching Research, 2024
As one type of the most extensively used sentences, English questions are must-learn grammatical structures for learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). However, it is commonly seen that English learners across proficiency levels produce ungrammatical English questions. To determine the source of learners' erroneous production, we…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Questioning Techniques, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning