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Showing 1 to 15 of 20 results Save | Export
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Agnieszka Otwinowska – Second Language Research, 2024
Third language (L3) lexical acquisition is still underexplored. In this article I overview theoretical and empirical evidence on L3 lexical acquisition and the role of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in learning L3 words. I explain the mechanism of CLI as resulting from language co-activation in the multilingual learner's/user's mind.…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Task Analysis, Vocabulary Development
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Westergaard, Marit – Second Language Research, 2021
This article is a response to commentaries on the article, "Microvariation in Multilingual Situations: The Importance of Property-by-Property Acquisition" (EJ1300541). This response is divided into sections focusing on the following issues: (1) full transfer and the notion of copying; (2) the definition of linguistic proximity; (3) some…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language
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Puig-Mayenco, Eloi; González Alonso, Jorge; Rothman, Jason – Second Language Research, 2020
The present systematic review examines what factors determine when, how and to what extent previous linguistic experience (from the first language, second language or both languages) affects the initial stages and beyond of adult third language (L3) acquisition. In doing so, we address what a bird's eye view of the data tells us regarding…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Prior Learning, Native Language, Adults
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Gabriele, Alison – Second Language Research, 2021
This commentary discusses Westergaard's (2021) keynote article, which presents a comprehensive model of first language (L1), second language (L2), and third language (L3) acquisition. The commentary presents evidence from a previous study of L3 learners that provides support for Westergaard's property-by-property transfer proposal. The commentary…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Linguistic Theory
Ribeiro, Daniela Marinho – ProQuest LLC, 2021
A great deal of the research on cross-linguistic phonetic influence demonstrates that a speaker's knowledge of their first language (L1) significantly affects their ability to perceive and produce sounds in any other language. While current studies show that cross-linguistic transfer occurs at the L3 level, some research suggests that properties…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Auditory Perception, Transfer of Training
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Schepens, Job J.; der Slik, Frans; Hout, Roeland – Language Learning, 2016
Many people speak more than two languages. How do languages acquired earlier affect the learnability of additional languages? We show that linguistic distances between speakers' first (L1) and second (L2) languages and their third (L3) language play a role. Larger distances from the L1 to the L3 and from the L2 to the L3 correlate with lower…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Morphology (Languages), Correlation
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Poeste, Meike; Müller, Natascha; Arnaus Gil, Laia – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2019
Acquisitionists generally assume a relation between code-mixing in young bilingual and trilingual children and language dominance. In our cross-sectional study we investigated the possible relation between code-mixing and language dominance in 122 children raised in Spain or Germany. They were bilingual, trilingual or multilingual, the latter…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), Bilingualism, Multilingualism, Second Language Learning
Haynie, Hannah Jane – ProQuest LLC, 2012
This dissertation uses quantitative and geographic analysis techniques to examine the historical and geographical processes that have shaped California's linguistic diversity. Many questions in California historical linguistics have received diminishing attention in recent years, remaining unanswered despite their continued relevance. The studies…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Language Research, Diachronic Linguistics, Dialects
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Ayeomoni, Moses Omoniyi – English Language Teaching, 2012
This paper views Nigeria as a multilingual country with diverse languages and cultures to the extent that the total number of languages spoken right now in Nigeria is about 500 (See Adegbite 2010). This linguistic diversity in the country has occasioned the development and the spread of the concepts of bilingualism, multilingualism, diglossia and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Sociolinguistics, Multilingualism, Language Usage
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Llama, Raquel; Cardoso, Walcir; Collins, Laura – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2010
Research in the field of third language acquisition has consistently identified two key factors which have an effect on the ways in which the two known languages may influence the acquisition of a third. These factors are language distance (typology) and language status (more specifically, second language, L2, or non-native language status). To…
Descriptors: Phonology, Word Lists, Spanish, Second Language Learning
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Rothman, Jason – International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (IRAL), 2010
One central question in the formal linguistic study of adult multilingual morphosyntax (i.e., L3/Ln acquisition) involves determining the role(s) the L1 and/or the L2 play(s) at the L3 initial state (e.g., Bardel & Falk, Second Language Research 23: 459-484, 2007; Falk & Bardel, Second Language Research: forthcoming; Flynn et al., The…
Descriptors: Experimental Groups, Language Research, Second Language Learning, Multilingualism
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Hawkins, Simon – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2008
This article challenges the categorisation of English into national forms, arguing that this obscures differences in usage within a nation and ignores genres and registers that exist around the world. Further, I suggest that in addition to examining the spread of English around the world, scholars should study the ubiquity of various discourses…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Ideology, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language)
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Bardel, Camilla; Falk, Ylva – Second Language Research, 2007
In this study of the placement of sentence negation in third language acquisition (L3), we argue that there is a qualitative difference between the acquisition of a true second language (L2) and the subsequent acquisition of an L3. Although there is considerable evidence for L2 influence on vocabulary acquisition in L3, not all researchers believe…
Descriptors: Syntax, Second Language Learning, Vocabulary Development, Multilingualism
Haugen, Einar – Linguistic Reporter, 1971
Revision of a paper presented at the Conference Toward the Description of the Languages of the World, held in Burg Wartenstein, Austria, in August 1970. (VM)
Descriptors: Descriptive Linguistics, Dialects, Diglossia, Environmental Influences
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Osaji, Bede – 1979
The languages of Nigeria and language usage in that country are discussed in a study designed to illustrate the need for a Nigerian lingua franca. Extensive data are first presented on Nigerian languages and dialects, their classification, and their geographic distribution. The remainder of the survey is devoted to a sociolinguistic study of…
Descriptors: African Languages, Bilingual Education, Dialect Studies, Dialects
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