Recently there has been some debate about the appropriacy of different lexical units in pedagogy and research (e.g., Brown et al., 2020; Dang & Webb, 2016a; Kremmel, 2016; Laufer & Cobb, 2020; McLean, 2018; Nation, 2016; Nation & Webb, 2011; Vilkaite-Lozdiene & Schmitt, 2020). The lexical unit (word types, lemmas, flemmas, word…

This paper provides an empirical study of word formation and lexical expansion in a set of Algonquian languages, considering 153 terms for each language. These terms range from words that predate European colonialism to more recent forms coined by English L1 speakers. We propose a classification of the methods of lexical innovation, which involves…

Knowledge of vocabulary is essential for learners of any language, and unfortunately, it has become clear recently the learners of English in a variety of contexts have not scored well on vocabulary tests. Low scores are problematic for language use and success in general, but they cause particular problems when it comes to the vocabulary needed…

Pakistani English is a variety of English language concerning Sentence structure, Morphology, Phonology, Spelling, and Vocabulary. The one semantic element, which makes the investigation of Pakistani English additionally fascinating is the Vocabulary. Pakistani English uses many loan words from Urdu language and other local dialects, which have…

The English Language Institute (now the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies) at Victoria University of Wellington has a long history of corpus-based vocabulary research, especially after the arrival of the second director of the institute, H. V. George, and the appointment of Helen Barnard, whom George knew in India. George's…

The present article provides an exploration of ultimate attainment in second language (L2) and its limitations. It is argued that the question of maturational constraints can best be investigated when the reference population is bilingual and exposed on a regular basis to varieties of their first language (L1) that show cross-linguistic influence.…

Research in the field of third language acquisition has consistently identified two key factors which have an effect on the ways in which the two known languages may influence the acquisition of a third. These factors are language distance (typology) and language status (more specifically, second language, L2, or non-native language status). To…

This study is a corpus-based lexical study that aims to explore the use of words in Coxhead's (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) in journal articles in the field of applied linguistics. A 1.5 million-word corpus called the Applied Linguistics Research Articles Corpus (ALC) was created for this study. The corpus consists of 200 research articles that…

This research creates an empirically derived, pedagogically useful list of formulaic sequences for academic speech and writing, comparable with the Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000), called the Academic Formulas List (AFL). The AFL includes formulaic sequences identified as (i) frequent recurrent patterns in corpora of written and spoken language,…

Argues that word frequency counts do not indicate frequency of words at all, that they ignore linguistic context, and that they take no account of the situation in which words are encountered. Argues that these defects are so serious that such counts should be used with caution, if at all. (SR)

THIS FREQUENCY LISTING OF CONTEMPORARY GERMAN VOCABULARY BASED ON A TABULATION OF A 584,000 WORD SAMPLE TAKEN FROM THREE WIDELY READ, GEOGRAPHICALLY REPRESENTATIVE WEST GERMAN NEWSPAPERS WAS DESIGNED, PRIMARILY, TO BE USED AS A PEDAGOGICAL TOOL BY TEACHERS AND STUDENTS, TEXT AND TEST WRITERS, CURRICULUM PLANNERS, AND RESEARCH SCHOLARS IN UPDATING…

This survey was conducted in order to provide a resource for those interested in revising existing Chinese teaching materials and/or writing new materials. A study of the vocabulary in several texts for first and second year Chinese classes in American colleges was used as the basis for constructing a questionnaire consisting of a list of commonly…

Students learning foreign languages often experience difficulty in mastering new vocabulary and expanding their lexicon. This paper attempts to clarify the role of the native language in the acquisition of new words. Does an adult learn foreign words quicker if the native language is employed (bilingual method) or if words are explained in the…

This paper provides an Optimality Theoretic account of how Hungarian learners of English acquire /[epsilon]/ and /[ash]/. It is hypothesized that as the learners' pronunciation becomes more nativelike, L1 transfer substitutions will diminish; non-transfer substitutions will be especially prevalent in the intermediate stages, and that all learners…

As a link between the words in everyday use and the sophisticated language of the arts and sciences, the 1,536 words of the "Mittelstufe" or Level 2 derive in nearly equal proportion from three sources: (1) the spoken or topical language, (2) a collation of all significant word lists compiled prior to February 1965, and (3) a statistical analysis…