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Peer reviewedBotan, Carl; Smitherman, Geneva – Journal of Black Studies, 1991
This study of lexical familiarity with black English for 324 African Americans, 266 whites, 21 Latino and "other", and 10 unidentified workers indicates that white industrial workers are more familiar with black English than are white white-collar workers. Black English is the core of an industrial lingua franca. (SLD)
Descriptors: Black Culture, Black Dialects, Black Influences, Blacks
Peer reviewedAbd-el-Jawad, H. R. – Language in Society, 1987
Sociolinguistic studies of spoken Arabic show at least three varieties at different levels of prestige: (1) Modern Standard Arabic (MSA); (2) regional standard with local prestige; and (3) vernacular varieties. The social function of the local prestigious nonstandard features can override the influence of the prestige of MSA. (Author/LMO)
Descriptors: Arabic, Bidialectalism, Code Switching (Language), Comparative Analysis
