The present paper looks in detail at the process of codification, i.e. how a single variety is altered in such a way as to become the publicly accepted, stigma-free variety of a country or major region. There is both implicit and explicit codification. For Haugen it would seem that he was referring to the latter process in which there is formal…

This paper examines how senders of text messages and informal e-mail redeploy linguistic symbols innovatively to communicate. Even a cursory look at an SMS text (textese) and informal e-mail (e-mailese) will show that its style is different from that of formal writing. Two thousand twenty text messages and five hundred informal e-mail were studied…

Author focused on invented languages in literature. (Editor/RK)

Explores the usage and grammatical agreement problems of the words "everyone" and "everybody." (HTH)

Shows that "usted" has two functions: showing lack of solidarity and showing extreme solidarity, with "tu" falling somewhere in between on the continuum. Discusses the increasing use of "tu," especially among younger people, and presents some possible reasons for this. (SED)

A discussion of the views of various linguists on the future tense in English, followed by a scheme for classifying expressions of futurity. To be continued in a future issue. (FB)

Seven teachers voice their opinions (mostly negative) about contemporary, self-appointed language critics. (RL)

Refers to "fine points" of Spanish usage. (SK)

Special issue devoted to research and the teaching of French in the elementary school. (VM)

Analyzes the uses of the negation "ne" in a variety of contexts ranging from literary to standard spoken usage. Focuses especially on the semantic implications of certain uses of the negation in order to illustrate the notion of "visee" (aim) or underlying global meaning. (MES)

THIS IS THE FIRST OF A THREE-VOLUME, NINE-UNIT COURSE IN BASIC AMHARIC. VOLUME ONE TOGETHER WITH VOLUME TWO (UNITS IV-VIII OR LESSONS 16-35) DEAL WITH THE PROBLEMS OF PRONUNCIATION AND THE ORAL-AURAL MASTERY OF BASIC GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS. EACH LESSON INCLUDES A DIALOG, GRAMMATICAL NOTES, PATTERN DRILLS, EXERCISES, AND A VOCABULARY LIST. AT…

THIS IS THE SECOND OF A THREE-VOLUME COURSE IN BASIC AMHARIC. FOLLOWING THE SAME FORMAT AS THE FIRST VOLUME, EACH LESSON IN UNITS IV-VII CONTAINS A DIALOG, GRAMMATICAL NOTES, PATTERN DRILLS, EXERCISES, AND A VOCABULARY LIST. ENGLISH-AMHARIC AND AMHARIC-ENGLISH GLOSSARIES ARE APPENDED. THIS COURSE WILL PREPARE THE STUDENT TO PERFORM AT A…