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Slogans as a Policy Distractor: A Case of 'Washback' Discourse in English Language Testing Reforms in Japan

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Takunori Terasawa; So Sudo; Takeshi Kajigaya; Ryosuke Aoyama; Ryuko Kubota – Current Issues in Language Planning, 2025

This paper examines recent reforms in English-language testing in Japan using a policy distraction framework. We identify the term 'washback (effect)' and other related discourses as major distractors and investigate how 'washback' discourses have functioned as political slogans or catchphrases in policy deliberation processes and how they have…

Descriptors: Testing Problems, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction

Maximizing Gateway English Throughput for International Students in the California Community Colleges: Understanding the Predictive Validity of Common ESL Tests

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Hayward, Craig – RP Group, 2023

The RP Group's Multiple Measures Assessment Project (MMAP) produced this technical report as part of a series on how California's community colleges can ensure more English learners (ELs) successfully complete "gateway" English coursework -- courses that satisfy the English writing requirements for completion of an associate's degree as…

Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Student Placement