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Direct linkSzewczyk, Jakub M.; Mech, Emily N.; Federmeier, Kara D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Can a single adjective immediately influence message-building during sentence processing? We presented participants with 168 sentence contexts, such as "His skin was red from spending the day at the …" Sentences ended with either the most expected word ("beach") or a low cloze probability completion ("pool"). Nouns…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Nouns, Language Processing, Diagnostic Tests
Lottridge, Susan M.; Nicewander, W. Alan; Mitzel, Howard C. – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2011
This inquiry had 2 components: (1) the first was substantive and focused on the comparability of paper-based and computer-based test forms and (2) the second was a within-study comparison wherein a quasi-experimental method, propensity score matching, was compared with a credible benchmark method, a within-subjects design. The tests used in the…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Probability, Scores, Statistical Analysis
Download full textWolfe, Edward W.; Manalo, Jonathan R. – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
This study examined scores from 133,906 operationally scored Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) essays to determine whether the choice of composition medium has any impact on score quality for subgroups of test-takers. Results of analyses demonstrate that (a) scores assigned to word-processed essays are slightly more reliable than…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
