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Kaja Haugen; Cecilie Hamnes Carlsen; Christine Möller-Omrani – Language Awareness, 2025
This article presents the process of constructing and validating a test of metalinguistic awareness (MLA) for young school children (age 8-10). The test was developed between 2021 and 2023 as part of the MetaLearn research project, financed by The Research Council of Norway. The research team defines MLA as using metalinguistic knowledge at a…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Test Construction, Elementary School Students, Metalinguistics
Neda Kianinezhad; Mohsen Kianinezhad – Language Education & Assessment, 2025
This study presents a comparative analysis of classical reliability measures, including Cronbach's alpha, test-retest, and parallel forms reliability, alongside modern psychometric methods such as the Rasch model and Mokken scaling, to evaluate the reliability of C-tests in language proficiency assessment. Utilizing data from 150 participants…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Test Reliability, Language Proficiency, Language Tests
Apichat Khamboonruang – Language Testing in Asia, 2025
Chulalongkorn University Language Institute (CULI) test was developed as a local standardised test of English for professional and international communication. To ensure that the CULI test fulfils its intended purposes, this study employed Kane's argument-based validation and Rasch measurement approaches to construct the validity argument for the…
Descriptors: Universities, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Tests
Baghaei, Purya; Christensen, Karl Bang – Language Testing, 2023
C-tests are gap-filling tests mainly used as rough and economical measures of second-language proficiency for placement and research purposes. A C-test usually consists of several short independent passages where the second half of every other word is deleted. Owing to their interdependent structure, C-test items violate the local independence…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Language Tests, Language Proficiency, Second Language Learning
Shadi Noroozi; Hossein Karami – Language Testing in Asia, 2024
Recently, psychometricians and researchers have voiced their concern over the exploration of language test items in light of Messick's validation framework. Validity has been central to test development and use; however, it has not received due attention in language tests having grave consequences for test takers. The present study sought to…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Doctoral Students, Graduate Students, Language Proficiency
Janssen, Gerriet – Language Testing, 2022
This article provides a single, common-case study of a test retrofit project at one Colombian university. It reports on how the test retrofit project was carried out and describes the different areas of language assessment literacy the project afforded local teacher stakeholders. This project was successful in that it modified the test constructs…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Placement Tests, Language Teachers, College Faculty
Alpizar, David; Li, Tongyun; Norris, John M.; Gu, Lixiong – Language Testing, 2023
The C-test is a type of gap-filling test designed to efficiently measure second language proficiency. The typical C-test consists of several short paragraphs with the second half of every second word deleted. The words with deleted parts are considered as items nested within the corresponding paragraph. Given this testlet structure, it is commonly…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Test Items
Rosemary Erlam; Lan Wei – Language Teaching Research, 2024
This study is a conceptual replication of Ellis' 'Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language: A psychometric study', published in "Studies in Second Language Acquisition" (2005), aiming to establish the importance of including belief statements (hypothesized to increase processing demands) in the design of Elicited…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Psychometrics
Kanj, Rama; El-Hassan, Karma – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
Vocabulary tests administered on multilingual populations should take into account the unique linguistic and cultural makeup of the population by adopting test development methods that allow responses in several languages. Our aims were to develop a picture-naming test for multilingual Lebanese school-age children (L1: Lebanese, L2: French and/or…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Language Tests, Expressive Language, Multilingualism
Zorzi, Giorgia; Aristodemo, Valentina; Giustolisi, Beatrice; Hauser, Charlotte; Donati, Caterina; Cecchetto, Carlo – Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2023
Among the existing sign language assessment tools, only a small number can be used in clinical settings. This contribution aims at presenting three comprehension assessment tests (two lexical and one syntactic) that offer a solid basis to build tools to assess language impairments in deaf signing adults. We provide the material and guidelines,…
Descriptors: Syntax, Vocabulary, Sign Language, Language Tests
Hussein, Rasha Abed; Sabit, Shaker Holh; Alwan, Merriam Ghadhanfar; Wafqan, Hussam Mohammed; Baqer, Abeer Ameen; Ali, Muneam Hussein; Hachim, Safa K.; Sahi, Zahraa Tariq; AlSalami, Huda Takleef; Sulaiman, Bahaa Aldin Fawzi – International Journal of Language Testing, 2022
Dictation is a traditional technique for both teaching and testing overall language ability and listening comprehension. In a dictation, a passage is read aloud by the teacher and examinees write down what they hear. Due to the peculiar form of dictations, psychometric analysis of dictations is challenging. In a dictation, there is no clear…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Verbal Communication, Teaching Methods, Language Skills
Boori, Ali Akbar; Ghazanfari, Mohammad; Ghonsooly, Behzad; Baghaei, Purya – International Journal of Language Testing, 2023
Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) have received sustained attention in educational settings because they can be used to operationalize formative assessment to provide diagnostic feedback and inform instruction. A large number of CDMs have been developed over the past few years. An important component of all CDMs is a Q-matrix that specifies a…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Tests, English (Second Language), Islam
Shujuan Wang – ProQuest LLC, 2021
Existing methods used to validate self-report questionnaires in foreign language teaching effectiveness have relied on Classical Test Theory (CTT). However, the use of CTT approaches limits the reliability and validity of self-report instruments. The Rasch Model, which is based on the principles of objective measurement, addresses some of the…
Descriptors: Second Language Programs, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Tests
Afsharrad, Mohammad; Pishghadam, Reza; Baghaei, Purya – International Journal of Language Testing, 2023
Testing organizations are faced with increasing demand to provide subscores in addition to the total test score. However, psychometricians argue that most subscores do not have added value to be worth reporting. To have added value, subscores need to meet a number of criteria: they should be reliable, distinctive, and distinct from each other and…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Scores, Value Added Models, Psychometrics
Shanmugam, S. Kanageswari Suppiah; Wong, Vincent; Rajoo, Murugan – Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 2020
Purpose: This study examined the quality of English test items using psychometric and linguistic characteristics among Grade Six pupils. Method: Contrary to the conventional approach of relying only on statistics when investigating item quality, this study adopted a mixed-method approach by employing psychometric analysis and cognitive interviews.…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Language Tests, Psychometrics