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Ralph, Yvonne K.; Berinhout, Kate; Maguire, Mandy J. – Developmental Science, 2021
Mental rotation has emerged as an important predictor of success in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). By the age of 4.5 years, boys outperform girls in these abilities. Because parents use less spatial language with girls at this age (Pruden and Levine, 2017), the amount of spatial language that children are exposed to at home is…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Gender Differences, Mothers, Language Usage
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Davis, Alexandra N.; Qi, Cathy H. – Early Child Development and Care, 2022
This longitudinal study examined the moderating roles of language use and gender in the relations between maternal depressive symptoms and child internalizing behaviour problems in 242 preschool children (48% girls) enrolled in Head Start centres. Teachers and parents completed the "Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1 1/2-5." Mothers…
Descriptors: Correlation, Depression (Psychology), Parent Child Relationship, Spanish Speaking
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Quigley, Jean; Nixon, Elizabeth – Journal of Child Language, 2020
Research on sources of individual difference in parental Infant-Directed Speech (IDS) is limited and there is a particular lack of research on fathers' compared to mothers' speech. This study examined the predictive relations between infant characteristics and variability in paternal lexical diversity (LD) in dyadic free play with two-year-olds (M…
Descriptors: Fathers, Infants, Parent Child Relationship, Speech Communication
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Gurzynski-Weiss, Laura, Ed. – Language Learning & Language Teaching, 2020
This book examines the role of interlocutors and their individual differences (IDs) in second language (L2) development from four theoretical lenses: the cognitive-interactionist approach, sociocultural theory, the variationist approach, and complex dynamic systems theory. A theoretical overview to each approach is written by a preeminent scholar…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Sociocultural Patterns
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Orena, Adriel John; Byers-Heinlein, Krista; Polka, Linda – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2019
Purpose: This study examined the utility of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) recording system for investigating the language input to bilingual infants. Method: Twenty-one French-English bilingual families with a 10-month-old infant participated in this study. Using the LENA recording system, each family contributed 3 full days of…
Descriptors: French, Bilingualism, Infants, Linguistic Input
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Sun, He; Bornstein, Marc H.; Esposito, Gianluca – Child Development, 2021
This study employs the Specificity Principle to examine the relative impacts of external (input quantity at home and at school, number of books and reading frequency at home, teachers' degree and experience, language usage, socioeconomic status) and internal factors (children's working memory, nonverbal intelligence, learning-related…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, Language Acquisition, Child Language, Bilingualism
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Mohammadi, Ali Mohammad; Nejadansari, Dariush; Youhanaee, Manijeh – Taiwan Journal of TESOL, 2015
Discourse markers (DMs) assist and persuade EFL classroom interlocutors to monitor their discourse production and comprehension process. This exploratory research investigated the index of pragmatic use (IPU), rate of use, frequency, and the pragmatic functions of "well" in Iranian university EFL teachers' and learners' classroom…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Case Studies, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning