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Download full textMcConnell, Grant D., Ed.; Gendron, Jean-Denis, Ed. – 1998
This atlas of language vitality in China covers the majority Han (Mandarin) language and 59 officially recognized minority languages. The first section, on the Han language, gives a breakdown of its oral and written vitality overall and for eight domains (religion, schools, mass media, administration, courts, legislature, manufacturing industries,…
Descriptors: Atlases, Chinese, Foreign Countries, Geographic Distribution
Sandefur, John R. – 1986
A study of North Australia's Kriol language situation identifies the language, its speakers, its functions, and the sociopolitical factors in its emergence as an autonomous language. The first chapter reviews the development of the linguistic field concerning pidgins and creoles, looking especially at the concepts developed to explain the rise and…
Descriptors: Aboriginal Australians, Bilingualism, Creoles, Descriptive Linguistics
Veltman, Calvin – 1988
A broad-bases study of the ways in which Hispanics in the United States are dealing with the English language is presented. The report analyzes the latest reliable language data collected by the U.S. census, including the 1980 national census, and finds a steady shift in language usage from Spanish to English among immigrants and native-born…
Descriptors: Demography, Employment, English (Second Language), Ethnic Groups
PDF pending restorationStanley, John – 1996
The report describes an Ontario (Canada) project to establish standards for the written and oral languages of its natives, including two language families and 13 languages still present in the province. The project has two streams: (1) a series of language conferences intended to establish consensus within an entire community regarding standard…
Descriptors: American Indian Languages, Canada Natives, Dictionaries, Etymology
PDF pending restorationKrauss, Michael E. – 1980
Three papers (1978-80) written for the non-linguistic public about Alaska Native languages are combined here. The first is an introduction to the prehistory, history, present status, and future prospects of all Alaska Native languages, both Eskimo-Aleut and Athabaskan Indian. The second and third, presented as appendixes to the first, deal in…
Descriptors: Alaska Natives, American Indian Languages, Athapascan Languages, Bilingual Education
Bruhn, Thea C. – 1984
A survey is presented of the status and usage patterns of the lingua francas--common languages used as a medium of communication between ethnically and linguistically diverse peoples--of the African continent. The survey gives an overview of the general language situation and briefly describes the major languages: Swahili, Hausa, Fufulde,…
Descriptors: Adult Education, African Languages, Arabic, Armed Forces
