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Duran, Luisa – Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, 1994
Assists teachers involved in bilingual instruction in improving their understanding of two aspects of bilingual development: interlanguage and of code-switching. Both are natural and creative outgrowths of being bilingual, i.e., alternative forms created by the cognitive/conceptual synthesis of two languages. (30 references) (CK)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students, Code Switching (Language), Cognitive Processes
Richards, Jack C. – 1978
From a consideration of variability in language-learner and language-user data, the concept of proficiency is considered in relation to models of second and foreign language learning. Proficiency is defined in relation to four separate dimensions: grammatical well-formedness, speech-act rules, functional elaboration, and code diversity. This…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Cultural Influences, English, English (Second Language)
