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Belvis, Cyril; Morauda-Gutierrez, Merry Ruth – Cogent Education, 2019
In 2009, the Department of Education of the Philippines released a directive to use the mother tongue as a medium of instruction from kindergarten to third grade. Among Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines pioneered the formal adaption of mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE). However, the policy is beset with both structural…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language of Instruction, Native Language, Early Childhood Education
Kristin Percy Calaff; Emily Scott; Michelle Matakas – Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2024
Multilingual learners (MLs) are students whose primary language is not English and are eligible for English language development services through the Transitional Bilingual Instruction Program (TBIP). Eligible MLs receive TBIP services until they become proficient in English. During the 2022-23 school year, 149,357 students were identified as…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Transitional Programs, State Programs, English Language Learners
Alvarez, Anicia A. – 1991
Despite long-standing provisions in three Philippine constitutions naming Filipino as the national language, there has been no serious effort to implement the use of Pilipino in the Philippine educational system. Pilipino is based mainly on Tagalog, but is also a blend of words taken from English, Spanish, Arabic, Tamil, and Chinese. A 1973…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
Gonzalez, Andrew – 1991
This article describes the shift from English to Filipino (Tagalog) as the language of instruction in elementary social studies education in the Philippines, focusing on the Philippines Department of Education's efforts to implement pre-service and in-service teacher training programs to expedite the change. In 1974 the Department of Education…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Educational Change, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education