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Download full textMcConnell, Grant D., Ed.; Gendron, Jean-Denis, Ed. – 1993
This International atlas of language vitality offers a cartography of language functions, based on a quantitative measure of the vitality of each language. It covers the constitutional languages of India, and offers maps, graphs, and data tables illustrating the vitality ratings of 14 languages by state, domain of usage (religion, schools, mass…
Descriptors: Courts, Foreign Countries, Geographic Distribution, Language Maintenance
Bruhn, Thea C. – 1984
A survey is presented of the status and usage patterns of the lingua francas--common languages used as a medium of communication between ethnically and linguistically diverse peoples--of the African continent. The survey gives an overview of the general language situation and briefly describes the major languages: Swahili, Hausa, Fufulde,…
Descriptors: Adult Education, African Languages, Arabic, Armed Forces
